gmsm/sm9/sm9.go

// Package sm9 handle shangmi sm9 algorithm and its curves and pairing implementation
package sm9

import (
	"crypto"
	goSubtle "crypto/subtle"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math/big"

	"github.com/emmansun/gmsm/internal/subtle"
	"github.com/emmansun/gmsm/sm3"
	"github.com/emmansun/gmsm/sm9/bn256"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte/asn1"
)

// SM9 ASN.1 format reference: Information security technology - SM9 cryptographic algorithm application specification

var bigOne = big.NewInt(1)

type hashMode byte

const (
	// hashmode used in h1: 0x01
	H1 hashMode = 1 + iota
	// hashmode used in h2: 0x02
	H2
)

type encryptType byte

const (
	ENC_TYPE_XOR encryptType = 0
	ENC_TYPE_ECB encryptType = 1
	ENC_TYPE_CBC encryptType = 2
	ENC_TYPE_OFB encryptType = 4
	ENC_TYPE_CFB encryptType = 8
)

//hash implements H1(Z,n) or H2(Z,n) in sm9 algorithm.
func hash(z []byte, h hashMode) *big.Int {
	md := sm3.New()
	var ha [64]byte
	var countBytes [4]byte
	var ct uint32 = 1

	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(countBytes[:], ct)
		md.Write([]byte{byte(h)})
		md.Write(z)
		md.Write(countBytes[:])
		copy(ha[i*sm3.Size:], md.Sum(nil))
		ct++
		md.Reset()
	}
	k := new(big.Int).SetBytes(ha[:40])
	n := new(big.Int).Sub(bn256.Order, bigOne)
	k.Mod(k, n)
	k.Add(k, bigOne)
	return k
}

func hashH1(z []byte) *big.Int {
	return hash(z, H1)
}

func hashH2(z []byte) *big.Int {
	return hash(z, H2)
}

// randFieldElement returns a random element of the order of the given
// curve using the procedure given in FIPS 186-4, Appendix B.5.1.
func randFieldElement(rand io.Reader) (k *big.Int, err error) {
	b := make([]byte, 40) // (256 + 64） / 8
	_, err = io.ReadFull(rand, b)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	k = new(big.Int).SetBytes(b)
	n := new(big.Int).Sub(bn256.Order, bigOne)
	k.Mod(k, n)
	k.Add(k, bigOne)
	return
}

// Sign signs a hash (which should be the result of hashing a larger message)
// using the user dsa key. It returns the signature as a pair of h and s.
func Sign(rand io.Reader, priv *SignPrivateKey, hash []byte) (h *big.Int, s *bn256.G1, err error) {
	var r *big.Int
	for {
		r, err = randFieldElement(rand)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}

		w := priv.SignMasterPublicKey.ScalarBaseMult(r)

		var buffer []byte
		buffer = append(buffer, hash...)
		buffer = append(buffer, w.Marshal()...)

		h = hashH2(buffer)

		l := new(big.Int).Sub(r, h)

		if l.Sign() < 0 {
			l.Add(l, bn256.Order)
		}

		if l.Sign() != 0 {
			s = new(bn256.G1).ScalarMult(priv.PrivateKey, l)
			break
		}
	}
	return
}

// Sign signs digest with user's DSA key, reading randomness from rand. The opts argument
// is not currently used but, in keeping with the crypto.Signer interface.
// The result is SM9Signature ASN.1 format.
func (priv *SignPrivateKey) Sign(rand io.Reader, hash []byte, opts crypto.SignerOpts) ([]byte, error) {
	h, s, err := Sign(rand, priv, hash)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	hBytes := make([]byte, 32)
	h.FillBytes(hBytes)

	var b cryptobyte.Builder
	b.AddASN1(asn1.SEQUENCE, func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
		b.AddASN1OctetString(hBytes)
		b.AddASN1BitString(s.MarshalUncompressed())
	})
	return b.Bytes()
}

// SignASN1 signs a hash (which should be the result of hashing a larger message)
// using the private key, priv. It returns the ASN.1 encoded signature of type SM9Signature.
func SignASN1(rand io.Reader, priv *SignPrivateKey, hash []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	return priv.Sign(rand, hash, nil)
}

// Verify verifies the signature in h, s of hash using the master dsa public key and user id, uid and hid.
// Its return value records whether the signature is valid.
func Verify(pub *SignMasterPublicKey, uid []byte, hid byte, hash []byte, h *big.Int, s *bn256.G1) bool {
	if h.Sign() <= 0 || h.Cmp(bn256.Order) >= 0 {
		return false
	}
	if !s.IsOnCurve() {
		return false
	}

	t := pub.ScalarBaseMult(h)

	// user sign public key p generation
	p := pub.GenerateUserPublicKey(uid, hid)

	u := bn256.Pair(s, p)
	w := new(bn256.GT).Add(u, t)

	var buffer []byte
	buffer = append(buffer, hash...)
	buffer = append(buffer, w.Marshal()...)
	h2 := hashH2(buffer)

	return h.Cmp(h2) == 0
}

// VerifyASN1 verifies the ASN.1 encoded signature of type SM9Signature, sig, of hash using the
// public key, pub. Its return value records whether the signature is valid.
func VerifyASN1(pub *SignMasterPublicKey, uid []byte, hid byte, hash, sig []byte) bool {
	var (
		hBytes []byte
		sBytes []byte
		inner  cryptobyte.String
	)
	input := cryptobyte.String(sig)
	if !input.ReadASN1(&inner, asn1.SEQUENCE) ||
		!input.Empty() ||
		!inner.ReadASN1Bytes(&hBytes, asn1.OCTET_STRING) ||
		!inner.ReadASN1BitStringAsBytes(&sBytes) ||
		!inner.Empty() {
		return false
	}
	h := new(big.Int).SetBytes(hBytes)
	if sBytes[0] != 4 {
		return false
	}
	s := new(bn256.G1)
	_, err := s.Unmarshal(sBytes[1:])
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}

	return Verify(pub, uid, hid, hash, h, s)
}

// Verify verifies the ASN.1 encoded signature, sig, of hash using the
// public key, pub. Its return value records whether the signature is valid.
func (pub *SignMasterPublicKey) Verify(uid []byte, hid byte, hash, sig []byte) bool {
	return VerifyASN1(pub, uid, hid, hash, sig)
}

// WrapKey generate and wrap key with reciever's uid and system hid
func WrapKey(rand io.Reader, pub *EncryptMasterPublicKey, uid []byte, hid byte, kLen int) (key []byte, cipher *bn256.G1, err error) {
	q := pub.GenerateUserPublicKey(uid, hid)
	var r *big.Int
	var ok bool
	for {
		r, err = randFieldElement(rand)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}

		cipher = new(bn256.G1).ScalarMult(q, r)

		w := pub.ScalarBaseMult(r)

		var buffer []byte
		buffer = append(buffer, cipher.Marshal()...)
		buffer = append(buffer, w.Marshal()...)
		buffer = append(buffer, uid...)

		key, ok = sm3.Kdf(buffer, kLen)
		if ok {
			break
		}
	}
	return
}

// WrapKey wrap key and marshal the cipher as ASN1 format, SM9PublicKey1 definition.
func (pub *EncryptMasterPublicKey) WrapKey(rand io.Reader, uid []byte, hid byte, kLen int) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
	key, cipher, err := WrapKey(rand, pub, uid, hid, kLen)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	var b cryptobyte.Builder
	b.AddASN1BitString(cipher.MarshalUncompressed())
	cipherASN1, err := b.Bytes()

	return key, cipherASN1, err
}

// WrapKeyASN1 wrap key and marshal the result of SM9KeyPackage as ASN1 format. according
// SM9 cryptographic algorithm application specification, SM9KeyPackage defnition.
func (pub *EncryptMasterPublicKey) WrapKeyASN1(rand io.Reader, uid []byte, hid byte, kLen int) ([]byte, error) {
	key, cipher, err := WrapKey(rand, pub, uid, hid, kLen)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var b cryptobyte.Builder
	b.AddASN1(asn1.SEQUENCE, func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
		b.AddASN1OctetString(key)
		b.AddASN1BitString(cipher.MarshalUncompressed())
	})
	return b.Bytes()
}

// UnmarshalSM9KeyPackage is an utility to unmarshal SM9KeyPackage
func UnmarshalSM9KeyPackage(der []byte) ([]byte, *bn256.G1, error) {
	input := cryptobyte.String(der)
	var (
		key         []byte
		cipherBytes []byte
		inner       cryptobyte.String
	)
	if !input.ReadASN1(&inner, asn1.SEQUENCE) ||
		!input.Empty() ||
		!inner.ReadASN1Bytes(&key, asn1.OCTET_STRING) ||
		!inner.ReadASN1BitStringAsBytes(&cipherBytes) ||
		!inner.Empty() {
		return nil, nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid SM9KeyPackage asn.1 data")
	}
	g, err := unmarshalG1(cipherBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	return key, g, nil
}

// UnwrapKey unwrap key from cipher, user id and aligned key length
func UnwrapKey(priv *EncryptPrivateKey, uid []byte, cipher *bn256.G1, kLen int) ([]byte, error) {
	if !cipher.IsOnCurve() {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid cipher, it's NOT on curve")
	}

	w := bn256.Pair(cipher, priv.PrivateKey)

	var buffer []byte
	buffer = append(buffer, cipher.Marshal()...)
	buffer = append(buffer, w.Marshal()...)
	buffer = append(buffer, uid...)

	key, ok := sm3.Kdf(buffer, kLen)
	if !ok {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid cipher")
	}
	return key, nil
}

// UnwrapKey unwrap key from cipherDer, user id and aligned key length.
// cipherDer is SM9PublicKey1 format according SM9 cryptographic algorithm application specification.
func (priv *EncryptPrivateKey) UnwrapKey(uid, cipherDer []byte, kLen int) ([]byte, error) {
	var bytes []byte
	input := cryptobyte.String(cipherDer)
	if !input.ReadASN1BitStringAsBytes(&bytes) || !input.Empty() {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid chipher asn1 data")
	}
	g, err := unmarshalG1(bytes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return UnwrapKey(priv, uid, g, kLen)
}

// Encrypt encrypt plaintext, output ciphertext with format C1||C3||C2
func Encrypt(rand io.Reader, pub *EncryptMasterPublicKey, uid []byte, hid byte, plaintext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	key, cipher, err := WrapKey(rand, pub, uid, hid, len(plaintext)+sm3.Size)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subtle.XORBytes(key, key[:len(plaintext)], plaintext)

	hash := sm3.New()
	hash.Write(key)
	c3 := hash.Sum(nil)

	ciphertext := append(cipher.Marshal(), c3...)
	ciphertext = append(ciphertext, key[:len(plaintext)]...)
	return ciphertext, nil
}

// EncryptASN1 encrypt plaintext and output ciphertext with ASN.1 format according
// SM9 cryptographic algorithm application specification, SM9Cipher definition.
func EncryptASN1(rand io.Reader, pub *EncryptMasterPublicKey, uid []byte, hid byte, plaintext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	return pub.Encrypt(rand, uid, hid, plaintext)
}

// Encrypt encrypt plaintext and output ciphertext with ASN.1 format according
// SM9 cryptographic algorithm application specification, SM9Cipher definition.
func (pub *EncryptMasterPublicKey) Encrypt(rand io.Reader, uid []byte, hid byte, plaintext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	key, cipher, err := WrapKey(rand, pub, uid, hid, len(plaintext)+sm3.Size)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	subtle.XORBytes(key, key[:len(plaintext)], plaintext)

	hash := sm3.New()
	hash.Write(key)
	c3 := hash.Sum(nil)

	var b cryptobyte.Builder
	b.AddASN1(asn1.SEQUENCE, func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
		b.AddASN1Int64(int64(ENC_TYPE_XOR))
		b.AddASN1BitString(cipher.MarshalUncompressed())
		b.AddASN1OctetString(c3)
		b.AddASN1OctetString(key[:len(plaintext)])
	})
	return b.Bytes()
}

// Decrypt decrypt chipher, ciphertext should be with format C1||C3||C2
func Decrypt(priv *EncryptPrivateKey, uid, ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	c := &bn256.G1{}
	c3, err := c.Unmarshal(ciphertext)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	key, err := UnwrapKey(priv, uid, c, len(c3))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	c2 := c3[sm3.Size:]

	hash := sm3.New()
	hash.Write(c2)
	hash.Write(key[len(c2):])
	c32 := hash.Sum(nil)

	if goSubtle.ConstantTimeCompare(c3[:sm3.Size], c32) != 1 {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid mac value")
	}

	subtle.XORBytes(key, c2, key[:len(c2)])
	return key[:len(c2)], nil
}

// DecryptASN1 decrypt chipher, ciphertext should be with ASN.1 format according
// SM9 cryptographic algorithm application specification, SM9Cipher definition.
func DecryptASN1(priv *EncryptPrivateKey, uid, ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if len(ciphertext) <= 32+65 {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid ciphertext length")
	}
	var (
		encType int
		c3Bytes []byte
		c1Bytes []byte
		c2Bytes []byte
		inner   cryptobyte.String
	)
	input := cryptobyte.String(ciphertext)
	if !input.ReadASN1(&inner, asn1.SEQUENCE) ||
		!input.Empty() ||
		!inner.ReadASN1Integer(&encType) ||
		!inner.ReadASN1BitStringAsBytes(&c1Bytes) ||
		!inner.ReadASN1Bytes(&c3Bytes, asn1.OCTET_STRING) ||
		!inner.ReadASN1Bytes(&c2Bytes, asn1.OCTET_STRING) ||
		!inner.Empty() {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid ciphertext asn.1 data")
	}
	if encType != int(ENC_TYPE_XOR) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("sm9: does not support this kind of encrypt type <%v> yet", encType)
	}
	c, err := unmarshalG1(c1Bytes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	key, err := UnwrapKey(priv, uid, c, len(c2Bytes)+len(c3Bytes))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	hash := sm3.New()
	hash.Write(c2Bytes)
	hash.Write(key[len(c2Bytes):])
	c32 := hash.Sum(nil)

	if goSubtle.ConstantTimeCompare(c3Bytes, c32) != 1 {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid mac value")
	}
	subtle.XORBytes(key, c2Bytes, key[:len(c2Bytes)])
	return key[:len(c2Bytes)], nil
}

// Decrypt decrypt chipher, ciphertext should be with ASN.1 format according
// SM9 cryptographic algorithm application specification, SM9Cipher definition.
func (priv *EncryptPrivateKey) Decrypt(uid, ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if ciphertext[0] == 0x30 { // should be ASN.1 format
		return DecryptASN1(priv, uid, ciphertext)
	}
	// fallback to C1||C3||C2 raw format
	return Decrypt(priv, uid, ciphertext)
}

// KeyExchange key exchange struct, include internal stat in whole key exchange flow.
// Initiator's flow will be: NewKeyExchange -> InitKeyExchange -> transmission -> ConfirmResponder
// Responder's flow will be: NewKeyExchange -> waiting ... -> RepondKeyExchange -> transmission -> ConfirmInitiator
type KeyExchange struct {
	genSignature bool               // control the optional sign/verify step triggered by responsder
	keyLength    int                // key length
	privateKey   *EncryptPrivateKey // owner's encryption private key
	uid          []byte             // owner uid
	peerUID      []byte             // peer uid
	r            *big.Int           // random which will be used to compute secret
	secret       *bn256.G1          // generated secret which will be passed to peer
	peerSecret   *bn256.G1          // received peer's secret
	g1           *bn256.GT          // internal state which will be used when compute the key and signature
	g2           *bn256.GT          // internal state which will be used when compute the key and signature
	g3           *bn256.GT          // internal state which will be used when compute the key and signature
	key          []byte             // shared key will be used after key agreement
}

// NewKeyExchange create one new KeyExchange object
func NewKeyExchange(priv *EncryptPrivateKey, uid, peerUID []byte, keyLen int, genSignature bool) *KeyExchange {
	ke := &KeyExchange{}
	ke.genSignature = genSignature
	ke.keyLength = keyLen
	ke.privateKey = priv
	ke.uid = uid
	ke.peerUID = peerUID
	return ke
}

// GetSharedKey return key after key agreement
func (ke *KeyExchange) GetSharedKey() []byte {
	return ke.key
}

func initKeyExchange(ke *KeyExchange, hid byte, r *big.Int) {
	pubB := ke.privateKey.GenerateUserPublicKey(ke.peerUID, hid)
	ke.r = r
	rA := new(bn256.G1).ScalarMult(pubB, ke.r)
	ke.secret = rA
}

// InitKeyExchange generate random with responder uid, for initiator's step A1-A4
func (ke *KeyExchange) InitKeyExchange(rand io.Reader, hid byte) (*bn256.G1, error) {
	r, err := randFieldElement(rand)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	initKeyExchange(ke, hid, r)
	return ke.secret, nil
}

func (ke *KeyExchange) sign(isResponder bool, prefix byte) []byte {
	var buffer []byte
	hash := sm3.New()
	hash.Write(ke.g2.Marshal())
	hash.Write(ke.g3.Marshal())
	if isResponder {
		hash.Write(ke.peerUID)
		hash.Write(ke.uid)
		hash.Write(ke.peerSecret.Marshal())
		hash.Write(ke.secret.Marshal())
	} else {
		hash.Write(ke.uid)
		hash.Write(ke.peerUID)
		hash.Write(ke.secret.Marshal())
		hash.Write(ke.peerSecret.Marshal())
	}
	buffer = hash.Sum(nil)
	hash.Reset()
	hash.Write([]byte{prefix})
	hash.Write(ke.g1.Marshal())
	hash.Write(buffer)
	return hash.Sum(nil)
}

func (ke *KeyExchange) generateSharedKey(isResponder bool) {
	var buffer []byte
	if isResponder {
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.peerUID...)
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.uid...)
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.peerSecret.Marshal()...)
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.secret.Marshal()...)
	} else {
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.uid...)
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.peerUID...)
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.secret.Marshal()...)
		buffer = append(buffer, ke.peerSecret.Marshal()...)
	}
	buffer = append(buffer, ke.g1.Marshal()...)
	buffer = append(buffer, ke.g2.Marshal()...)
	buffer = append(buffer, ke.g3.Marshal()...)

	key, _ := sm3.Kdf(buffer, ke.keyLength)
	ke.key = key
}

func respondKeyExchange(ke *KeyExchange, hid byte, r *big.Int, rA *bn256.G1) (*bn256.G1, []byte, error) {
	if !rA.IsOnCurve() {
		return nil, nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid initiator's ephemeral public key")
	}
	ke.peerSecret = rA
	pubA := ke.privateKey.GenerateUserPublicKey(ke.peerUID, hid)
	ke.r = r
	rB := new(bn256.G1).ScalarMult(pubA, r)
	ke.secret = rB

	ke.g1 = bn256.Pair(ke.peerSecret, ke.privateKey.PrivateKey)
	ke.g3 = &bn256.GT{}
	ke.g3.ScalarMult(ke.g1, r)
	ke.g2 = ke.privateKey.EncryptMasterPublicKey.ScalarBaseMult(r)

	ke.generateSharedKey(true)

	if !ke.genSignature {
		return ke.secret, nil, nil
	}

	return ke.secret, ke.sign(true, 0x82), nil
}

// RepondKeyExchange when responder receive rA, for responder's step B1-B7
func (ke *KeyExchange) RepondKeyExchange(rand io.Reader, hid byte, rA *bn256.G1) (*bn256.G1, []byte, error) {
	r, err := randFieldElement(rand)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	return respondKeyExchange(ke, hid, r, rA)
}

// ConfirmResponder for initiator's step A5-A7
func (ke *KeyExchange) ConfirmResponder(rB *bn256.G1, sB []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if !rB.IsOnCurve() {
		return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid responder's ephemeral public key")
	}
	// step 5
	ke.peerSecret = rB
	ke.g1 = ke.privateKey.EncryptMasterPublicKey.ScalarBaseMult(ke.r)
	ke.g2 = bn256.Pair(ke.peerSecret, ke.privateKey.PrivateKey)
	ke.g3 = &bn256.GT{}
	ke.g3.ScalarMult(ke.g2, ke.r)
	// step 6, verify signature
	if len(sB) > 0 {
		signature := ke.sign(false, 0x82)
		if goSubtle.ConstantTimeCompare(signature, sB) != 1 {
			return nil, errors.New("sm9: invalid responder's signature")
		}
	}
	ke.generateSharedKey(false)
	if !ke.genSignature {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return ke.sign(false, 0x83), nil
}

// ConfirmInitiator for responder's step B8
func (ke *KeyExchange) ConfirmInitiator(s1 []byte) error {
	buffer := ke.sign(true, 0x83)
	if goSubtle.ConstantTimeCompare(buffer, s1) != 1 {
		return errors.New("sm9: invalid initiator's signature")
	}
	return nil
}