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VLMCSD(8) KMS Activation Manual VLMCSD(8)
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NAME
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vlmcsd - a fully Microsoft compatible KMS server
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SYNOPSIS
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vlmcsd [ options ]
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DESCRIPTION
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vlmcsd is a fully Microsoft compatible KMS server that provides product
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activation services to clients. It is meant as a drop-in replacement
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for a Microsoft KMS server (Windows computer with KMS key entered). It
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currently supports KMS protocol versions 4, 5 and 6.
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vlmcsd is designed to run on POSIX compatible operating systens. It
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only requires a basic C library with a BSD-style sockets API and either
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fork(2) or pthreads(7). That allows it to run on most embedded systems
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like routers, NASes, mobile phones, tablets, TVs, settop boxes, etc.
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Some efforts have been made that it also runs on Windows.
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Although vlmcsd does neither require an activation key nor a payment to
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anyone, it is not meant to run illegal copies of Windows. Its purpose
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is to ensure that owners of legal copies can use their software without
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restrictions, e.g. if you buy a new computer or motherboard and your
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key will be refused activation from Microsoft servers due to hardware
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changes.
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vlmcsd may be started via an internet superserver like inetd(8) or
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xinetd(8) as well as an advanced init system like systemd(8) or
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launchd(8) using socket based activation. If vlmcsd detects that
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stdin(3) is a socket, it assumes that there is already a connected
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client on stdin that wants to be activated.
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All options that control setting up listening sockets will be ignored
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when in inetd mode. The sockets will be set up by your internet super-
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server. You also cannot limit the number of simultanous clients (option
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-m). You need to configure the limit in your internet superserver.
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The followong features that require that vlmcsd is permanently loaded
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will not work if started from an internet superserver:
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You cannot maintain a client list (option -M1)
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EPID Randomization Level 1 (option -r1) works like Level 2
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(-r2). You may want to use Level 0 (-r0) or custom EPIDs
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(options -w, -G, -0, -3 and -6) instead.
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OPTIONS
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Since vlmcsd can be configured at compile time, some options may not be
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available on your system.
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All options that do no require an argument may be combined with a sin-
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gle dash, for instance "vlmcsd -D -e" is identical to "vlmcsd -De". For
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all options that require an argument a space between the option and the
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option argument is optional. Thus "vlmcsd -r 2" and "vlmcsd -r2" are
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identical too.
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-h or -?
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Displays help.
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-V Displays extended version information. This includes the com-
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piler used to build vlmcsd, the intended platform and flags
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(compile time options) to build vlmcsd. If you have the source
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code of vlmcsd, you can type make help (or gmake help on systems
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that do not use the GNU version of make(1) by default) to see
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the meaning of those flags.
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-L ipaddress[:port]
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Instructs vlmcsd to listen on ipaddress with optional port
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(default 1688). You can use this option more than once. If you
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do not specify -L at least once, IP addresses 0.0.0.0 (IPv4) and
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:: (IPv6) are used. If the IP address contains colons (IPv6) you
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must enclose the IP address in brackets if you specify the
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optional port, e.g. [2001:db8::dead:beef]:1688.
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If no port is specified, vlmcsd uses the default port according
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to a preceding -P option. If you specify a port, it can be a
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number (1-65535) or a name (usually found in /etc/services if
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not provided via LDAP, NIS+ or another name service).
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If you specify a link local IPv6 address (fe80::/10, usually
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starting with fe80::), it must be followed by a percent sign (%)
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and a scope id (=network interface name or number) on most
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unixoid OSses including Linux, Android, MacOS X and iOS, e.g.
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fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc%eth0 or
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[fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc%2]:1688. Windows (including cygwin)
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does not require a scope id unless the same link local address
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is used on more than one network interface. Windows does not
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accept a name and the scope id must be a number.
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-o level
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Sets the level of protection against activations from public IP
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addresses. The default is -o0 for no protection.
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-o1 causes vlmcsd not to listen on all IP addresses but on pri-
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vate IP addresses only. IPv4 addresses in the 100.64.0.0/10
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range (see RFC6598) are not treated as private since they can be
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reached from other users of your ISP. Private IPv4 addresses are
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10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, 169.254.0.0/16 and
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127.0.0.0/8. vlmcsd treats all IPv6 addresses not within
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2000::/3 as private addresses.
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If -o1 is combined with -L, it will listen on all private IP
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addresses plus the ones specified by one or more -L statements.
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If -o1 is combined with -P, only the last -P statement will be
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used.
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Using -o1 does not protect you if you enable NAT port forwarding
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on your router to your vlmcsd machine. It is identical to using
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multiple -L statements with all of your private IP addresses.
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What -o1 does for you, is automatically enumerating your private
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IP addresses.
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-o2 does not affect the interfaces, vlmcsd is listening on. When
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a clients connects, vlmcsd immediately drops the connection if
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the client has a public IP address. Unlike -o1 clients will be
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able to establish a TCP connection but it will be closed without
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a single byte sent over the connection. This protects against
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clients with public IP addresses even if NAT port forwarding is
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used. While -o2 offers a higher level of protection than -o1,
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the client sees that the KMS TCP port (1688 by default) is actu-
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ally accepting connections.
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If vlmcsd is compiled to use MS RPC, -o2 can only offer very
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poor protection. Control is passed from MS RPC to vlmcsd after
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the KMS protocol has already been negotiated. Thus a client can
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always verify that the KMS protocol is available even though it
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receives an RPC_S_ACCESS_DENIED error message. vlmcsd will issue
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a warning if -o2 is used with MS RPC. For adaequate protection
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do not use a MS RPC build of vlmcsd with -o2.
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-o3 combines -o1 and -o2. vlmcsd listens on private interfaces
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only and if a public client manages to connect anyway due to NAT
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port forwarding, it will be immediately dropped.
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If you use any form of TCP level port forwarding (e.g. nc(1),
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netcat(1), ssh(1) port forwarding or similar) to redirect KMS
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requests to vlmcsd, there will be no protection even if you use
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-o2 or -o3. This is due to the simple fact that vlmcsd sees the
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IP address of the redirector and not the IP address of the
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client.
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-o1 (and thus -o3) is not (yet) available in some scenarios:
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FreeBSD: There is a longtime unfixed bug <https://
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bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=178881> in the
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32-bit ABI of the 64-bit kernel. If you have a 64-bit Free-
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BSD kernel, you must run the 64-bit version of vlmcsd if
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you use -o1 or -o3. The 32-bit version causes undefined
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behavior up to crashing vlmcsd. Other BSDs (NetBSD, Open-
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BSD, Dragonfly and Mac OS X) work correctly.
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If vlmcsd was started by an internet superserver or was
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compiled to use Microsoft RPC (Windows only) or simple
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sockets, -o1 and -o3 are not available by design.
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-P port
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Use TCP port for all subsequent -L statements that do not
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include an optional port. If you use -P and -L, -P must be spec-
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ified before -L.
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-O vpn-adapter-name[=ipv4-address][/cidr-mask][:dhcp-lease-duration]
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Enables a compatible VPN adapter to create additional local IPv4
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addresses (like 127.0.0.1) that appear as remote IPv4 addresses
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to the system. This allows product activation using a local
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instance of vlmcsd. This feature is only available in Windows
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and Cygwin builds of vlmcsd since it is not of any use on other
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operating systems. Compatible VPN adapters are Tap-windows ver-
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sion 8.2 or higher (from OpenVPN) and the TeamViewer VPN
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adapter. There are two special vpn-adapter-names. A single
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period (.) instructs vlmcsd to use the first available compati-
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ble VPN adapter. A single dash (-) disables the use of a VPN
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adapter if one has been configured in vlmcsd.ini(5). The vpn-
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adapter-name is not case-sensitive. If the vpn-adapter-name con-
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tains spaces (e.g. Ethernet 3), you must enclose it in quotes.
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The default ipv4-address is 10.10.10.9 and the default cidr-mask
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is 30. If you are using the default values, your VPN adapter
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uses an IPv4 address of 10.10.10.9 and you can set your activa-
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tion client to use the easy to remember address 10.10.10.10
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(e.g. slmgr /skms 10.10.10.10 or cscript ospp.vbs
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/sethst:10.10.10.10).
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The dhcp-lease-duration is a number optionally followed by s, m,
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h, d or w to indicate seconds, minutes, hours, days or weeks.
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The default dhcp-lease-duration is 1d (one day). It is normally
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not required to change this value.
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It is advised not to manually configure your OpenVPN TAP or
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TeamViewer VPN adapter in "Network Connections". If you set the
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IPv4 configuration manually anyway, the IPv4 address and the
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subnet mask must match the -O parameter. It is safe leave the
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IPv4 configuration to automatic (DHCP). vlmcsd will wait up to
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four seconds for the DHCP configuration to complete before bind-
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ing to and listenin on any interfaces.
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You should be aware that only one program can use a VPN adapter
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at a time. If you use the TeamViewer VPN adapter for example,
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you will not be able to use the VPN feature of TeamViewer as
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long as vlmcsd is running. The same applies to OpenVPN TAP
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adapters that are in use by other programs (for example OpenVPN,
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QEMU, Ratiborus VM, aiccu, etc.). The best way to avoid con-
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flicts is to install Tap-Windows from OpenVPN, cd to C:\Program
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Files\TAP-Windows\bin and run addtap.bat to install an addi-
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tional TAP adapter. Go to "Network Connections" and rename the
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new adapter to "vlmcsd" and specify -O vlmcsd to use it.
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Example: -O "Ethernet 7"=192.168.123.1/24 (uses VPN adapter Eth-
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ernet 7 with IPv4 address 192.168.123.1 and have 192.168.123.2
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to 192.168.123.254 as additional local (but apparently remote)
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IPv4 addresses.
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-x0 and -x1
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Controls under what circumstances vlmcsd will exit. Using the
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default of -x0 vlmcsd stays active as long as it can perform
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some useful operations. If vlmcsd is run by any form of a watch-
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dog, e.g. NT service manager (Windows), systemd (Linux) or
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launchd (Mac OS / iOS), it may be desirable to end vlmcsd and
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let the watchdog restart it. This is especially true if some
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pre-requisites are not yet met but will be some time later, e.g.
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network is not yet fully setup.
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By using -x0 vlmcsd will
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exit if none of the listening sockets specified with -L can
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be used. It continues if at least one socket can be setup
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for listening.
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exit any TAP mirror thread (Windows version only) if there
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is an error condition while reading or writing from or to
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the VPN adapter but continue to work without utilizing a
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VPN adapter.
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By using -x1 vlmcsd will
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exit if not all listening sockets specified with -L can be
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used.
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exit completely if there is a problem with a VPN adapter it
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is using. This can happen for instance if the VPN adapter
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has been disabled using "Control Panel - Network - Adapter
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Settings" while vlmcsd is using it.
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Please note that -x1 is kind of a workaround option. While it
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may help under some circumstances, it is better to solve the
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problem at its origin, e.g. properly implementing dependencies
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in your startup script to ensure all network interfaces and the
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VPN adapter you will use are completely setup before you start
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vlmcsd.
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-F0 and -F1
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Allow (-F1) or disallow (-F0) binding to IP addresses that are
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currently not configured on your system. The default is -F0. -F1
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allows you to bind to an IP address that may be configured after
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you started vlmcsd. vlmcsd will listen on that address as soon
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as it becomes available. This feature is only available under
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Linux (IPv4 and IPv6) and FreeBSD (IPv4 only). FreeBSD allows
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this feature only for the root user (more correctly: processes
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that have the PRIV_NETINET_BINDANY privilege). Linux does not
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require a capability for this.
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-t seconds
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Timeout the TCP connection with the client after seconds sec-
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onds. After sending an activation request. RPC keeps the TCP
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connection for a while. The default is 30 seconds. You may spec-
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ify a shorter period to free ressources on your device faster.
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This is useful for devices with limited main memory or if you
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used -m to limit the concurrent clients that may request activa-
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tion. Microsoft RPC clients disconnect after 30 seconds by
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default. Setting seconds to a greater value does not make much
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sense.
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-m concurrent-clients
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Limit the number of clients that will be handled concurrently.
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This is useful for devices with limited ressources or if you are
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experiencing DoS attacks that spawn thousands of threads or
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forked processes. If additional clients connect to vlmcsd, they
|
|
|
|
|
need to wait until another client disconnects. If you set con-
|
|
|
|
|
current-clients to a small value ( <10 ), you should also select
|
|
|
|
|
a reasonable timeout of 2 or 3 seconds with -t. The default is
|
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|
|
|
no limit.
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
-d Disconnect each client after processing one activation request.
|
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|
|
|
This is a direct violation of DCE RPC but may help if you
|
|
|
|
|
receive malicous fake RPC requests that block your threads or
|
|
|
|
|
forked processes. Some other KMS emulators (e.g. py-kms) behave
|
|
|
|
|
this way.
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
-k Do not disconnect clients after processing an activation
|
|
|
|
|
request. This selects the default behavior. -k is useful only if
|
|
|
|
|
you used an ini file (see vlmcsd.ini(5) and -i). If the ini file
|
|
|
|
|
contains the line "DisconnectClientsImmediately = true", you can
|
|
|
|
|
use this switch to restore the default behavior.
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
-N0 and -N1
|
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|
|
Disables (-N0) or enables (-N1) the use of the NDR64 transfer
|
|
|
|
|
syntax in the RPC protocol. Unlike Microsoft vlmcsd supports
|
|
|
|
|
NDR64 on 32-bit operating systems. Microsoft introduced NDR64 in
|
|
|
|
|
Windows Vista but their KMS servers started using it with Win-
|
|
|
|
|
dows 8. Thus if you choose random ePIDs, vlmcsd will select
|
|
|
|
|
ePIDs with build numbers 9200 and 9600 if you enable NDR64 and
|
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|
|
|
build numbers 6002 and 7601 if you disable NDR64. The default is
|
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|
|
|
to enable NDR64.
|
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|
-B0 and -B1
|
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|
|
Disables (-B0) or enables (-B1) bind time feature negotiation
|
|
|
|
|
(BTFN) in the RPC protocol. All Windows operating systems start-
|
|
|
|
|
ing with Vista support BTFN and try to negotiate it when initi-
|
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|
|
|
ating an RPC connection. Thus consider turning it off as a debug
|
|
|
|
|
/ troubleshooting feature only. Some older firewalls that selec-
|
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|
|
|
tively block or redirect RPC traffic may get confused when they
|
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|
|
detect NDR64 or BTFN.
|
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|
-l filename
|
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|
Use filename as a log file. The log file records all activations
|
|
|
|
|
with IP address, Windows workstation name (no reverse DNS
|
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|
|
|
lookup), activated product, KMS protocol, time and date. If you
|
|
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|
|
do not specify a log file, no log is created. For a live view of
|
|
|
|
|
the log file type tail -f file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you use the special filename "syslog", vlmcsd uses syslog(3)
|
|
|
|
|
for logging. If your system has no syslog service (/dev/log)
|
|
|
|
|
installed, logging output will go to /dev/console. Syslog log-
|
|
|
|
|
ging is not available in the native Windows version. The Cygwin
|
|
|
|
|
version does support syslog logging.
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
-T0 and -T1
|
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|
|
|
Disable (-T0) or enable (-T1) the inclusion of date and time in
|
|
|
|
|
each line of the log. The default is -T1. -T0 is useful if you
|
|
|
|
|
log to stdout(3) which is redirected to another logging mecha-
|
|
|
|
|
nism that already includes date and time in its output, for
|
|
|
|
|
instance systemd-journald(8). If you log to syslog(3), -T1 is
|
|
|
|
|
ignored and date and time will never be included in the output
|
|
|
|
|
sent to syslog(3).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-D Normally vlmcsd daemonizes and runs in background (except the
|
|
|
|
|
native Windows version). If -D is specified, vlmcsd does not
|
|
|
|
|
daemonize and runs in foreground. This is useful for testing and
|
|
|
|
|
allows you to simply press <Ctrl-C> to exit vlmcsd.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The native Windows version never daemonizes and always behaves
|
|
|
|
|
as if -D had been specified. You may want to install vlmcsd as a
|
|
|
|
|
service instead. See -s.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-e If specified, vlmcsd ignores -l and writes all logging output to
|
|
|
|
|
stdout(3). This is mainly useful for testing and debugging and
|
|
|
|
|
often combined with -D.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-v Use verbose logging. Logs every parameter of the base request
|
|
|
|
|
and the base response. It also logs the HWID of the KMS server
|
|
|
|
|
if KMS protocol version 6 is used. This option is mainly for
|
|
|
|
|
debugging purposes. It only has an effect if some form of log-
|
|
|
|
|
ging is used. Thus -v does not make sense if not used with -l,
|
|
|
|
|
-e or -f.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-q Do not use verbose logging. This is actually the default behav-
|
|
|
|
|
ior. It only makes sense if you use vlmcsd with an ini file (see
|
|
|
|
|
-i and vlmcsd.ini(5)). If the ini file contains the line
|
|
|
|
|
"LogVerbose = true" you can use -q to restore the default behav-
|
|
|
|
|
ior.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-p filename
|
|
|
|
|
Create pid file filename. This has nothing to do with KMS ePIDs.
|
|
|
|
|
A pid file is a file where vlmcsd writes its own process id.
|
|
|
|
|
This is used by standard init scripts (typically found in
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/init.d). The default is not to write a pid file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-u user and -g group
|
|
|
|
|
Causes vlmcsd to run in the specified user and group security
|
|
|
|
|
context. The main purpose for this is to drop root privileges
|
|
|
|
|
after it has been started from the root account. To use this
|
|
|
|
|
feature from cygwin you must run cyglsa-config and the account
|
|
|
|
|
from which vlmcsd is started must have the rights "Act as part
|
|
|
|
|
of the operating system" and "Replace a process level token".
|
|
|
|
|
The native Windows version does not support these options.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The actual security context switch is performed after the TCP
|
|
|
|
|
sockets have been created. This allows you to use privileged
|
|
|
|
|
ports (< 1024) when you start vlmcsd from the root account.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
However if you use an ini, pid or log file, you must ensure that
|
|
|
|
|
the unprivileged user has access to these files. You can always
|
|
|
|
|
log to syslog(3) from an unprivileged account on most platforms
|
|
|
|
|
(see -l).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-a CSVLK = ePID [ / HwId ]
|
|
|
|
|
Use ePID and HwId for a specific CSVLK. When you use it, -r is
|
|
|
|
|
disregarded for this CSVLK. If vlmcsd uses the default vlm-
|
|
|
|
|
csd.kmd database, you can use the following CSVLKs: Windows,
|
|
|
|
|
WinChinaGov, Office2010, Office2013, Office2016 and Office2019.
|
|
|
|
|
The -a option requires that database version 1.6 or later is
|
|
|
|
|
used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HwId must be specified as 16 hex digits that are interpreted as
|
|
|
|
|
a series of 8 bytes (big endian). Any character that is not a
|
|
|
|
|
hex digit will be ignored. This is for better readability.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-i filename
|
|
|
|
|
Use configuration file (aka ini file) filename. Most configura-
|
|
|
|
|
tion parameters can be set either via the command line or an ini
|
|
|
|
|
file. The command line always has precedence over configuration
|
|
|
|
|
items in the ini file. See vlmcsd.ini(5) for the format of the
|
|
|
|
|
configuration file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If vlmcsd has been compiled to use a default configuration file
|
|
|
|
|
(often /etc/vlmcsd.ini), you may use -i- to ignore the default
|
|
|
|
|
configuration file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-j filename
|
|
|
|
|
Use KMS data file filename. By default vlmcsd only contains the
|
|
|
|
|
minimum product data that is required to perform all operations
|
|
|
|
|
correctly. You may use a more complete KMS data file that con-
|
|
|
|
|
tains all detailed product names. This is especially useful if
|
|
|
|
|
you are logging KMS requests. If you don't log, there is no need
|
|
|
|
|
to load an external KMS data file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If vlmcsd has been compiled to use a default KMS data file, you
|
|
|
|
|
may use -j- to ignore the default configuration file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-r0, -r1 (default) and -r2
|
|
|
|
|
These options determine how ePIDs are generated if
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- you did not sprecify an ePID in the command line and
|
|
|
|
|
- you haven't used -i or
|
|
|
|
|
- the file specified by -i cannot be opened or
|
|
|
|
|
- the file specified by -i does not contain an ePID for the KMS
|
|
|
|
|
request
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-r0 means there are no random ePIDs. vlmcsd simply issues
|
|
|
|
|
default ePIDs that are built into the binary at compile time.
|
|
|
|
|
Pro: behaves like real KMS server that also always issues the
|
|
|
|
|
same ePID. Con: Microsoft may start blacklisting again and the
|
|
|
|
|
default ePID may not work any longer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-r1 instructs vlmcsd to generate random ePIDs when the program
|
|
|
|
|
starts or receives a SIGHUP signal and uses these ePIDs until it
|
|
|
|
|
is stopped or receives another SIGHUP. Most other KMS emulators
|
|
|
|
|
generate a new ePID on every KMS request. This is easily
|
|
|
|
|
detectable. Microsoft could just modify sppsvc.exe in a way that
|
|
|
|
|
it always sends two identical KMS requests in two RPC requests
|
|
|
|
|
but over the same TCP connection. If both KMS responses contain
|
|
|
|
|
the different ePIDs, the KMS server is not genuine. -r1 is the
|
|
|
|
|
default mode. -r1 also ensures that all three ePIDs (Windows,
|
|
|
|
|
Office 2010 and Office 2013) use the same OS build number and
|
|
|
|
|
LCID (language id).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If vlmcsd has been started by an internet superserver, -r1 works
|
|
|
|
|
almost identically to -r2. The only exception occurs if you send
|
|
|
|
|
more than one activation request over the same TCP connection.
|
|
|
|
|
This is simply due to the fact that vlmcsd is started upon a
|
|
|
|
|
connection request and does not stay in memory after servicing a
|
|
|
|
|
KMS request. Consider using -r0 or -w, -G, -0, -3 and -6 when
|
|
|
|
|
starting vlmcsd by an internet superserver.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-r2 behaves like most other KMS server emulators with random
|
|
|
|
|
support and generates a new random ePID on every request. -r2
|
|
|
|
|
should be treated as debugging option only because it allows
|
|
|
|
|
very easy emulator detection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-C LCID
|
|
|
|
|
Do not randomize the locale id part of the ePID and use LCID
|
|
|
|
|
instead. The LCID must be specified as a decimal number, e.g.
|
|
|
|
|
1049 for "Russian - Russia". This option has no effect if the
|
|
|
|
|
ePID is not randomized at all, e.g. if it is selected from the
|
|
|
|
|
command line or an ini file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default vlmcsd generates a valid locale id that is recognized
|
|
|
|
|
by .NET Framework 4.0. This may lead to a locale id which is
|
|
|
|
|
unlikely to occur in your country, for instance 2155 for "Quecha
|
|
|
|
|
- Ecuador". You may want to select the locale id of your country
|
|
|
|
|
instead. See MSDN <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/
|
|
|
|
|
bb964664.aspx> for a list of valid LCIDs. Please note that some
|
|
|
|
|
of them are not recognized by .NET Framework 4.0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Most other KMS emulators use a fixed LCID of 1033 (English -
|
|
|
|
|
US). To achive the same behavior in vlmcsd use -C 1033.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-H HostBuild
|
|
|
|
|
Do not randomize the host build number in the ePID and use Host-
|
|
|
|
|
Build instead, for instance 17763 for Windows Server 2019 / Win-
|
|
|
|
|
dows 10 1809.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-K0, -K1, -K2 and -K3
|
|
|
|
|
Sets the whitelisting level to determine which products vlmcsd
|
|
|
|
|
activates or refuses. The default is -K0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-K0: activate all products with an unknown, retail or
|
|
|
|
|
beta/preview KMS ID.
|
|
|
|
|
-K1: activate products with a retail or beta/preview KMS ID
|
|
|
|
|
but refuse to activate products with an unknown KMS ID.
|
|
|
|
|
-K2: activate products with an unknown KMS ID but refuse
|
|
|
|
|
products with a retail or beta/preview KMS ID.
|
|
|
|
|
-K3: activate only products with a known volume license RTM
|
|
|
|
|
KMS ID and refuse all others.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The SKU ID is not checked. Like a genuine KMS server vlmcsd
|
|
|
|
|
activates a product that has a random or unknown SKU ID. If you
|
|
|
|
|
select -K1 or -K3, vlmcsd also checks the Application ID for
|
|
|
|
|
correctness. If Microsoft introduces a new KMS ID for a new
|
|
|
|
|
product, you cannot activate it if you used -K1 or -K3 until a
|
|
|
|
|
new version of vlmcsd is available.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-c0 and -c1
|
|
|
|
|
-c1 causes vlmcsd to check if the client time differs no more
|
|
|
|
|
than four hours from the system time. -c0 (the default) disables
|
|
|
|
|
this check. -c1 is useful to prevent emulator detection. A
|
|
|
|
|
client that tries to detect an emulator could simply send two
|
|
|
|
|
subsequent request with two time stamps that differ more than
|
|
|
|
|
four hours from each other. If both requests succeed, the server
|
|
|
|
|
is an emulator. If you specify -c1 on a system with no reliable
|
|
|
|
|
time source, activations will fail. It is ok to set the correct
|
|
|
|
|
system time after you started vlmcsd.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-M0 and -M1
|
|
|
|
|
Disables (-M0) or enables (-M1) maintaining a list of client
|
|
|
|
|
machine IDs (CMIDs). The default is -M0. -M1 is useful to pre-
|
|
|
|
|
vent emulator detection. By maintaing a CMID list, vlmcsd
|
|
|
|
|
reports current active clients exactly like a genuine KMS emula-
|
|
|
|
|
tor. This includes bug compatibility to the extent that you can
|
|
|
|
|
permanently kill a genuine KMS emulator by sending an "over-
|
|
|
|
|
charge request" with a required client count of 376 or more and
|
|
|
|
|
then request activation for 671 clients. vlmcsd can be reset
|
|
|
|
|
from this condition by restarting it. If -M0 is used, vlmcsd
|
|
|
|
|
reports current active clients as good as possible. If no client
|
|
|
|
|
sends an "overcharge request", it is not possible to detect vlm-
|
|
|
|
|
csd as an emulator with -M0. -M1 requires the allocation of a
|
|
|
|
|
buffer that is about 50 kB in size. On hardware with few memory
|
|
|
|
|
resources use it only if you really need it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you start vlmcsd from an internet superserver, -M1 cannot be
|
|
|
|
|
used. Since vlmcsd exits after each activation, it cannot main-
|
|
|
|
|
tain any state in memory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-E0 and -E1
|
|
|
|
|
These options are ignored if you do not also specify -M1. If you
|
|
|
|
|
use -E0 (the default), vlmcsd starts up as a fully "charged" KMS
|
|
|
|
|
server. Clients activate immediately. -E1 lets you start up vlm-
|
|
|
|
|
csd with an empty CMID list. Activation will start when the
|
|
|
|
|
required minimum clients (25 for Windows Client OSses, 5 for
|
|
|
|
|
Windows Server OSses and Office) have registered with the KMS
|
|
|
|
|
server. As long as the minimum client count has not been
|
|
|
|
|
reached, clients end up in HRESULT 0xC004F038 "The count
|
|
|
|
|
reported by your Key Management Service (KMS) is insufficient.
|
|
|
|
|
Please contact your system administrator". You may use vlmcs(1)
|
|
|
|
|
or another KMS client emulator to "charge" vlmcsd. -E1 does not
|
|
|
|
|
improve emulator detection prevention. It's primary purpose is
|
|
|
|
|
to help developers of KMS clients to test "charging" a KMS
|
|
|
|
|
server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-R renewal-interval
|
|
|
|
|
Instructs clients to renew activation every renewal-interval.
|
|
|
|
|
The renewal-interval is a number optionally immediately followed
|
|
|
|
|
by a letter indicating the unit. Valid unit letters are s (sec-
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onds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days) and w (weeks). If you do
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not specify a letter, minutes is assumed.
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-R3d for instance instructs clients to renew activation every 3
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days. The default renewal-interval is 10080 (identical to 7d and
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1w).
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Due to poor implementation of Microsofts KMS Client it cannot be
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guaranteed that activation is renewed on time as specfied by the
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-R option. Don't care about that. Renewal will happen well
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before your activation expires (usually 180 days).
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Even though you can specify seconds, the granularity of this
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option is 1 minute. Seconds are rounded down to the next multi-
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ple of 60.
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-A activation-interval
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Instructs clients to retry activation every activation-interval
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if it was unsuccessful, e.g. because it could not reach the
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server. The default is 120 (identical to 2h). activation-inter-
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val follows the same syntax as renewal-interval in the -R
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option.
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-s Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service. This option only works
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with the native Windows version and Cygwin. Combine -s with
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other command line options. These will be in effect when you
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start the service. The service automatically starts when you
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reboot your machine. To start it manually, type "net start vlm-
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csd".
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If you use Cygwin, you must include your Cygwin system DLL
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directory (usually C:\Cygwin\bin or C:\Cygwin64\bin) into the
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PATH environment variable or the service will not start.
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You can reinstall the service anytime using vlmcsd -s again,
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e.g. with a different command line. If the service is running,
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it will be restarted with the new command line.
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When using -s the command line is checked for basic syntax
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errors only. For example "vlmcsd -s -L 1.2.3.4" reports no error
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but the service will not start if 1.2.3.4 is not an IP address
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on your system.
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-S Uninstalls the vlmcsd service. Works only with the native Win-
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dows version and Cygwin. All other options will be ignored if
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you include -S in the command line.
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-U [domain\]username
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Can only be used together with -s. Starts the service as a dif-
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ferent user than the local SYSTEM account. This is used to run
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the service under an account with low privileges. If you omit
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the domain, an account from the local computer will be used.
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You may use "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService". This is a pseudo user
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with low privileges. You may also use "NT AUTHORITY\LocalSer-
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vice" which has more privileges but these are of no use for run-
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ning vlmcsd.
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Make sure that the user you specify has at least execute permis-
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sion for your executable. "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService" normally
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has no permission to run binaries from your home directory.
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For your convenience you can use the special username "/l" as a
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shortcut for "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" and "/n" for "NT
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AUTHORITY\NetworkService". "vlmcsd -s -U /n" installs the ser-
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vice to run as "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService".
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-W password
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Can only be used together with -s. Specifies a password for the
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corresponding username you use with -U. SYSTEM, "NT AUTHOR-
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ITY\NetworkService", "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" do not require
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a password.
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If you specify a user with even lower privileges than "NT
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AUTHORITY\NetworkService", you must specify its password. You
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also have to grant the "Log on as a service" right to that user.
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SIGNALS
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The following signals differ from the default behavior:
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SIGTERM, SIGINT
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These signals cause vlmcsd to exit gracefully. All global sema-
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|
phores and shared memory pages will be released, the pid file
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will be unlinked (deleted) and a shutdown message will be
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logged.
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SIGHUP Causes vlmcsd to be restarted completely. This is useful if you
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started vlmcsd with an ini file. You can modify the ini file
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while vlmcsd is running and then sending SIGHUP, e.g. by typing
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"killall -SIGHUP vlmcsd" or "kill -SIGHUP `cat /var/run/vlm-
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|
|
csd.pid`".
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The SIGHUP handler has been implemented relatively simple. It is
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virtually the same as stopping vlmcsd and starting it again
|
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immediately with the following exceptions:
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-- The new process does not get a new process id.
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-- If you used a pid file, it is not deleted and recreated
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because the process id stays the same.
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-- If you used the 'user' and/or 'group' directive in an ini
|
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|
|
file these are ignored. This is because once you switched to
|
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|
|
lower privileged users and groups, there is no way back. Any-
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|
|
thing else would be a severe security flaw in the OS.
|
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|
Signaling is not available in the native Windows version and in the
|
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|
|
Cygwin version when vlmcsd runs as a Windows service.
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|
SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS
|
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|
|
vlmcsd compiles and runs on Linux, Windows (no Cygwin required but
|
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|
|
explicitly supported), Mac OS X, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Dragonfly
|
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|
|
BSD, Minix, Solaris, OpenIndiana, Android and iOS. Other POSIX or
|
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|
|
unixoid OSses may work with unmodified sources or may require minor
|
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|
|
porting efforts.
|
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|
SUPPORTED PRODUCTS
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd can answer activation requests for the following products: Win-
|
|
|
|
|
dows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 (up to 1703),
|
|
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|
|
Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, Win-
|
|
|
|
|
dows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2016, Office 2010, Project 2010,
|
|
|
|
|
Visio 2010, Office 2013, Project 2013, Visio 2013, Office 2016, Project
|
|
|
|
|
2016, Visio 2016. Newer products may work as long as the KMS protocol
|
|
|
|
|
does not change. A complete list of fully supported products can be
|
|
|
|
|
obtained using the -x option of vlmcs(1).
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
Office, Project and Visio must be volume license versions.
|
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|
|
FILES
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd.ini(5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd -De
|
|
|
|
|
Starts vlmcsd in foreground. Useful if you use it for the first
|
|
|
|
|
time and want to see what's happening when a client requests
|
|
|
|
|
activation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
vlmcsd -l /var/log/vlmcsd.log
|
|
|
|
|
Starts vlmcsd as a daemon and logs everything to /var/log/vlm-
|
|
|
|
|
csd.log.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd -L 192.168.1.17
|
|
|
|
|
Starts vlmcsd as a daemon and listens on IP address 192.168.1.17
|
|
|
|
|
only. This is useful for routers that have a public and a pri-
|
|
|
|
|
vate IP address to prevent your KMS server from becoming public.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd -s -U /n -l C:\logs\vlmcsd.log
|
|
|
|
|
Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service with low privileges and
|
|
|
|
|
logs everything to C:\logs\vlmcsd.log when the service is
|
|
|
|
|
started with "net start vlmcsd".
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BUGS
|
|
|
|
|
An ePID specified in an ini file must not contain spaces.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHOR
|
|
|
|
|
Written by crony12, Hotbird64 and vityan666. With contributions from
|
|
|
|
|
DougQaid.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CREDITS
|
|
|
|
|
Thanks to abbodi1406, CODYQX4, deagles, eIcn, mikmik38, nosferati87,
|
|
|
|
|
qad, Ratiborus, ...
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd.ini(5), vlmcsd(7), vlmcs(1), vlmcsdmulti(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Hotbird64 October 2018 VLMCSD(8)
|
