package basic import "math" // SolarEclipseRadiusModel 表示日食计算中月亮平均半径 k 的取法。 type SolarEclipseRadiusModel string const ( // SolarEclipseModelIAUSingleK 使用 IAU 单一月亮平均半径 k。 SolarEclipseModelIAUSingleK SolarEclipseRadiusModel = "iau_single_k" // SolarEclipseModelNASABulletinSplitK 使用 NASA bulletin 的 Split-K 口径。 SolarEclipseModelNASABulletinSplitK SolarEclipseRadiusModel = "nasa_bulletin_split_k" ) // SolarEclipseType 表示整场日食的全局食型。 type SolarEclipseType string const ( // SolarEclipseNone 表示该次朔月没有发生日食。 SolarEclipseNone SolarEclipseType = "none" // SolarEclipsePartial 表示日偏食。 SolarEclipsePartial SolarEclipseType = "partial" // SolarEclipseAnnular 表示日环食。 SolarEclipseAnnular SolarEclipseType = "annular" // SolarEclipseTotal 表示日全食。 SolarEclipseTotal SolarEclipseType = "total" // SolarEclipseHybrid 表示全环食/混合食。 SolarEclipseHybrid SolarEclipseType = "hybrid" ) // SolarEclipseCentrality 表示中心线进入地球的方式。 type SolarEclipseCentrality string const ( // SolarEclipseNonCentral 表示无中心线进入地球。 SolarEclipseNonCentral SolarEclipseCentrality = "non_central" // SolarEclipseCentralOneLimit 表示中心线只形成一侧极限条件。 SolarEclipseCentralOneLimit SolarEclipseCentrality = "central_one_limit" // SolarEclipseCentralTwoLimits 表示中心线完整进入地球,两侧都有界线。 SolarEclipseCentralTwoLimits SolarEclipseCentrality = "central_two_limits" ) // SolarEclipseResult 表示一次朔月附近的全局日食几何结果。 // // 所有时刻字段都使用力学时儒略日(JDE, TT)。 // 输入 seedJDE 只需要落在目标朔月附近,允许相差数天。 type SolarEclipseResult struct { Model SolarEclipseRadiusModel Type SolarEclipseType Centrality SolarEclipseCentrality // GreatestEclipse 是全局“影轴最接近地心”的时刻。 GreatestEclipse float64 // PartialBeginOnEarth / PartialEndOnEarth 是地球范围的偏食开始 / 结束时刻。 PartialBeginOnEarth float64 PartialEndOnEarth float64 // CentralBeginOnEarth / CentralEndOnEarth 是中心线进入 / 离开地球的时刻。 CentralBeginOnEarth float64 CentralEndOnEarth float64 // Magnitude 是全局食分。 Magnitude float64 // Gamma 是月影轴到地心的有符号最小距离,单位为地球赤道半径。 Gamma float64 // PathWidthKM 是食甚点处中心食带宽度。非中心食时为 0。 PathWidthKM float64 // GreatestLongitude / GreatestLatitude 是日食食甚点地理坐标,东经为正,西经为负。 GreatestLongitude float64 GreatestLatitude float64 HasPartial bool HasCentral bool HasAnnular bool HasTotal bool HasHybrid bool } type solarEclipseModelParameters struct { penumbralK float64 umbralK float64 } type solarEclipseShadowRadii struct { penumbraRadius float64 umbraRadius float64 absUmbraRadius float64 magnitude float64 } type solarEclipseAxis struct { rightAscension float64 tilt float64 gst float64 } type solarEclipseSolver struct { newMoonJDE float64 model SolarEclipseRadiusModel params solarEclipseModelParameters meanSunMoonDistance float64 penumbraConeTangent float64 umbraConeTangent float64 } type solarEclipseFeature struct { greatestEclipseJDE float64 greatestLongitude float64 greatestLatitude float64 magnitude float64 gamma float64 pathWidthKM float64 partialBeginJDE float64 partialEndJDE float64 centralBeginJDE float64 centralEndJDE float64 typeCode string } type solarEclipseLineIntersection struct { valid bool x float64 y float64 z float64 r1 float64 r2 float64 } const ( solarEclipseEarthEquatorialRadiusKM = 6378.1366 solarEclipseEarthPolarRatio = 0.99664719 solarEclipseEarthPolarRatioSquared = solarEclipseEarthPolarRatio * solarEclipseEarthPolarRatio solarEclipseAstronomicalUnitKM = 1.49597870691e8 // IAU Single-K 对所有接触统一使用 0.2725076; // NASA bulletin Split-K 对半影仍使用 0.2725076,对本影/反本影使用 0.2722810。 solarEclipseSolarRadiusRatio = 109.1222 solarEclipsePenumbralK = 0.2725076 solarEclipseUmbralK = 0.2722810 solarEclipseNodeCount = 7 solarEclipseNodeStepDays = 0.04 solarEclipseMoonLonAberrRad = -3.4e-6 // 这两个系数沿用经典贝塞尔近似中的极区有效半径经验值。 solarEclipseNonCentralLimit = 0.9972 solarEclipseCentralLimit = 0.9966 ) var solarEclipseArcsecPerRadian = 180.0 * 3600.0 / math.Pi // SolarEclipse 计算给定近朔时刻附近的一次全局日食,默认使用 NASABulletin Split-K 模型。 func SolarEclipse(seedJDE float64) SolarEclipseResult { return SolarEclipseNASABulletinSplitK(seedJDE) } // SolarEclipseIAUSingleK 计算给定近朔时刻附近的一次全局日食,使用 IAU Single-K 模型。 func SolarEclipseIAUSingleK(seedJDE float64) SolarEclipseResult { return solarEclipse(seedJDE, SolarEclipseModelIAUSingleK) } // SolarEclipseNASABulletinSplitK 计算给定近朔时刻附近的一次全局日食,使用 NASA bulletin Split-K 模型。 func SolarEclipseNASABulletinSplitK(seedJDE float64) SolarEclipseResult { return solarEclipse(seedJDE, SolarEclipseModelNASABulletinSplitK) } func solarEclipse(seedJDE float64, model SolarEclipseRadiusModel) SolarEclipseResult { newMoonJDE := CalcMoonSHByJDE(seedJDE, 0) solver := newSolarEclipseSolver(newMoonJDE, model) feature := solver.feature() result := SolarEclipseResult{ Model: model, Type: SolarEclipseNone, Centrality: SolarEclipseNonCentral, GreatestEclipse: feature.greatestEclipseJDE, Magnitude: feature.magnitude, Gamma: feature.gamma, PathWidthKM: feature.pathWidthKM, GreatestLongitude: feature.greatestLongitude, GreatestLatitude: feature.greatestLatitude, } switch feature.typeCode { case "P": result.Type = SolarEclipsePartial case "A0", "A1", "A": result.Type = SolarEclipseAnnular case "T0", "T1", "T": result.Type = SolarEclipseTotal case "H", "H2", "H3": result.Type = SolarEclipseHybrid } switch feature.typeCode { case "A1", "T1": result.Centrality = SolarEclipseCentralOneLimit case "A", "T", "H", "H2", "H3": result.Centrality = SolarEclipseCentralTwoLimits } if result.Type != SolarEclipseNone { result.HasPartial = true result.PartialBeginOnEarth = feature.partialBeginJDE result.PartialEndOnEarth = feature.partialEndJDE } if result.Centrality != SolarEclipseNonCentral { result.HasCentral = true result.CentralBeginOnEarth = feature.centralBeginJDE result.CentralEndOnEarth = feature.centralEndJDE } switch result.Type { case SolarEclipseAnnular: result.HasAnnular = true case SolarEclipseTotal: result.HasTotal = true case SolarEclipseHybrid: result.HasAnnular = true result.HasTotal = true result.HasHybrid = true } return result } func newSolarEclipseSolver(newMoonJDE float64, model SolarEclipseRadiusModel) solarEclipseSolver { params := solarEclipseModelParameters{ penumbralK: solarEclipsePenumbralK, umbralK: solarEclipsePenumbralK, } if model == SolarEclipseModelNASABulletinSplitK { params.umbralK = solarEclipseUmbralK } firstNodeJDE := newMoonJDE + (0-float64(solarEclipseNodeCount)/2+0.5)*solarEclipseNodeStepDays lastNodeJDE := newMoonJDE + (float64(solarEclipseNodeCount-1)-float64(solarEclipseNodeCount)/2+0.5)*solarEclipseNodeStepDays firstSun, firstMoon := solarEclipseSunMoonEquatorial(firstNodeJDE) lastSun, lastMoon := solarEclipseSunMoonEquatorial(lastNodeJDE) meanSunMoonDistance := ((firstSun[2] + lastSun[2]) - (firstMoon[2] + lastMoon[2])) / 2 / solarEclipseEarthEquatorialRadiusKM return solarEclipseSolver{ newMoonJDE: newMoonJDE, model: model, params: params, meanSunMoonDistance: meanSunMoonDistance, penumbraConeTangent: (solarEclipseSolarRadiusRatio + params.penumbralK) / meanSunMoonDistance, umbraConeTangent: (solarEclipseSolarRadiusRatio - params.umbralK) / meanSunMoonDistance, } } func (solver solarEclipseSolver) feature() solarEclipseFeature { const finiteDifferenceStep = 0.04 jd := solver.newMoonJDE before := solver.besselMoonAt(jd - finiteDifferenceStep) center := solver.besselMoonAt(jd) after := solver.besselMoonAt(jd + finiteDifferenceStep) vx := (after[0] - before[0]) / (2 * finiteDifferenceStep) vy := (after[1] - before[1]) / (2 * finiteDifferenceStep) vz := (after[2] - before[2]) / (2 * finiteDifferenceStep) speed := math.Hypot(vx, vy) speedSquared := speed * speed t0 := -(center[0]*vx + center[1]*vy) / speedSquared greatestEclipseJDE := jd + t0 xc := center[0] + vx*t0 yc := center[1] + vy*t0 zc := center[2] + vz*t0 - 1.37*t0*t0 gamma := (vx*center[1] - vy*center[0]) / speed minimumDistance := math.Abs(gamma) axis := solver.besselAxisAt(greatestEclipseJDE) axisIntersection := solarEclipseLineEar2(xc, yc, 2, xc, yc, 0, solarEclipseEarthPolarRatio, 1, axis) midRadii := solver.shadowRadiiAt(zc) greatestRadii := midRadii if axisIntersection.valid { greatestRadii = solver.shadowRadiiAt(zc - axisIntersection.r2) } var centralStartParam, centralEndParam float64 if minimumDistance < 1 { paramSpan := math.Sqrt(1-minimumDistance*minimumDistance) / speed centralStartParam = t0 - paramSpan centralEndParam = t0 + paramSpan } partialLimit := 1 + midRadii.penumbraRadius partialSpan := 0.0 if minimumDistance < partialLimit { partialSpan = math.Sqrt(partialLimit*partialLimit-minimumDistance*minimumDistance) / speed } partialStartParam := t0 - partialSpan partialEndParam := t0 + partialSpan typeCode := "N" greatestLongitude, greatestLatitude := 0.0, 0.0 magnitude := 0.0 pathWidthKM := 0.0 if !axisIntersection.valid { greatestLongitude, greatestLatitude = solarEclipseBesselPointToGeodetic(xc, yc, 0, axis, false) magnitude = (midRadii.penumbraRadius - (minimumDistance - solarEclipseNonCentralLimit)) / (midRadii.penumbraRadius - midRadii.umbraRadius) switch { case minimumDistance > solarEclipseNonCentralLimit+midRadii.penumbraRadius: typeCode = "N" case minimumDistance > solarEclipseNonCentralLimit+midRadii.absUmbraRadius: typeCode = "P" default: if midRadii.magnitude < 1 { typeCode = "A0" } else { typeCode = "T0" } } } else { greatestLongitude = axisIntersectionLongitude(axisIntersection, axis) greatestLatitude = axisIntersectionLatitude(axisIntersection, axis) magnitude = greatestRadii.magnitude switch { case minimumDistance > solarEclipseCentralLimit-greatestRadii.absUmbraRadius: if greatestRadii.magnitude < 1 { typeCode = "A1" } else { typeCode = "T1" } default: if greatestRadii.magnitude >= 1 { startRadii := greatestRadii endRadii := greatestRadii if minimumDistance < 1 { startRadii = solver.shadowRadiiAt(centralStartParam*vz + center[2] - 1.37*centralStartParam*centralStartParam) endRadii = solver.shadowRadiiAt(centralEndParam*vz + center[2] - 1.37*centralEndParam*centralEndParam) } typeCode = "H" if startRadii.magnitude > 1 { typeCode = "H2" } if endRadii.magnitude > 1 { typeCode = "H3" } if startRadii.magnitude > 1 && endRadii.magnitude > 1 { typeCode = "T" } } else { typeCode = "A" } } if typeCode != "N" && typeCode != "P" { sunAltitude := solarEclipseSunAltitudeAtGreatest(greatestEclipseJDE, greatestLongitude, greatestLatitude, axis.gst) if math.Abs(math.Sin(sunAltitude)) > 1e-12 { pathWidthKM = math.Abs(2*greatestRadii.umbraRadius*solarEclipseEarthEquatorialRadiusKM) / math.Abs(math.Sin(sunAltitude)) } } } feature := solarEclipseFeature{ greatestEclipseJDE: greatestEclipseJDE, greatestLongitude: greatestLongitude, greatestLatitude: greatestLatitude, magnitude: magnitude, gamma: gamma, pathWidthKM: pathWidthKM, typeCode: typeCode, } if typeCode != "N" { _, _, feature.partialBeginJDE, _ = solver.quickContactAt(partialStartParam+jd, vx, vy, true) _, _, feature.partialEndJDE, _ = solver.quickContactAt(partialEndParam+jd, vx, vy, true) } if typeCode != "N" && typeCode != "P" { _, _, feature.centralBeginJDE, _ = solver.quickContactAt(centralStartParam+jd, vx, vy, false) _, _, feature.centralEndJDE, _ = solver.quickContactAt(centralEndParam+jd, vx, vy, false) } return feature } func (solver solarEclipseSolver) quickContactAt(jd, dx, dy float64, penumbral bool) (float64, float64, float64, bool) { moon := solver.besselMoonAt(jd) radii := solver.shadowRadiiAt(moon[2]) radius := 0.0 if penumbral { radius = radii.penumbraRadius } denominator := moon[0]*moon[0] + moon[1]*moon[1] if denominator == 0 { return 0, 0, 0, false } effectiveRadius := 1 - (1/solarEclipseEarthPolarRatioSquared-1)*moon[1]*moon[1]/denominator/2 + radius velocityProjection := dx*moon[0] + dy*moon[1] if velocityProjection == 0 { return 0, 0, 0, false } correction := (effectiveRadius*effectiveRadius - moon[0]*moon[0] - moon[1]*moon[1]) / (2 * velocityProjection) x := moon[0] + correction*dx y := moon[1] + correction*dy jd += correction curvature := (1 - solarEclipseEarthPolarRatioSquared) * radius * x * y / math.Pow(effectiveRadius, 3) x += curvature * y y -= curvature * x axis := solver.besselAxisAt(jd) longitude, latitude, ok := solarEclipseBesselXYToGeodetic(x/effectiveRadius, y/effectiveRadius, axis, true) return longitude, latitude, jd, ok } func (solver solarEclipseSolver) shadowRadiiAt(moonBesselZ float64) solarEclipseShadowRadii { return solarEclipseShadowRadii{ penumbraRadius: solver.params.penumbralK + solver.penumbraConeTangent*moonBesselZ, umbraRadius: solver.params.umbralK - solver.umbraConeTangent*moonBesselZ, absUmbraRadius: math.Abs(solver.params.umbralK - solver.umbraConeTangent*moonBesselZ), magnitude: solver.params.umbralK / moonBesselZ / solarEclipseSolarRadiusRatio * (solver.meanSunMoonDistance + moonBesselZ), } } func (solver solarEclipseSolver) besselAxisAt(jd float64) solarEclipseAxis { sun, moon := solarEclipseSunMoonEquatorial(jd) sunXYZ := solarEclipseLLRToXYZ(sun[0], sun[1], sun[2]) moonXYZ := solarEclipseLLRToXYZ(moon[0], moon[1], moon[2]) axis := solarEclipseXYZToLLR(sunXYZ[0]-moonXYZ[0], sunXYZ[1]-moonXYZ[1], sunXYZ[2]-moonXYZ[2]) utJDE := TD2UT(jd, false) return solarEclipseAxis{ rightAscension: solarEclipseNormalizeRadians(math.Pi/2 + axis[0]), tilt: math.Pi/2 - axis[1], gst: solarEclipseNormalizeSignedRadians(ApparentSiderealTime(utJDE) * 15 * rad), } } func (solver solarEclipseSolver) besselMoonAt(jd float64) [3]float64 { _, moon := solarEclipseSunMoonEquatorial(jd) axis := solver.besselAxisAt(jd) rotated := solarEclipseRotateLLR( solarEclipseNormalizeSignedRadians(moon[0]-axis.rightAscension), moon[1], moon[2], -axis.tilt, ) rectangular := solarEclipseLLRToXYZ(rotated[0], rotated[1], rotated[2]) return [3]float64{ rectangular[0] / solarEclipseEarthEquatorialRadiusKM, rectangular[1] / solarEclipseEarthEquatorialRadiusKM, rectangular[2] / solarEclipseEarthEquatorialRadiusKM, } } func solarEclipseSunMoonEquatorial(jd float64) ([3]float64, [3]float64) { julianCentury := (jd - 2451545.0) / 36525.0 obliquity := EclipticObliquity(jd, true) * rad sunLongitude := HSunApparentLo(jd) * rad sunLatitude := HSunTrueBo(jd) * rad sunDistance := EarthAway(jd) * solarEclipseAstronomicalUnitKM moonLongitude := solarEclipseNormalizeRadians(HMoonApparentLo(jd)*rad + solarEclipseMoonLonAberrRad) moonLatitude := HMoonTrueBo(jd)*rad + moonLatitudeAberrationRad(julianCentury) moonDistance := HMoonAway(jd) sunEquatorial := solarEclipseRotateLLR(sunLongitude, sunLatitude, sunDistance, obliquity) moonEquatorial := solarEclipseRotateLLR(moonLongitude, moonLatitude, moonDistance, obliquity) return [3]float64{sunEquatorial[0], sunEquatorial[1], sunEquatorial[2]}, [3]float64{moonEquatorial[0], moonEquatorial[1], moonEquatorial[2]} } func solarEclipseSunAltitudeAtGreatest(jd, lonDeg, latDeg, gst float64) float64 { sun, _ := solarEclipseSunMoonEquatorial(jd) horizon := solarEclipseEquatorialToHorizontal(sun[0], sun[1], sun[2], lonDeg*rad, latDeg*rad, gst) return horizon[1] } func solarEclipseEquatorialToHorizontal(ra, dec, distance, lon, lat, gst float64) [3]float64 { rotated := solarEclipseRotateLLR( solarEclipseNormalizeRadians(ra+math.Pi/2-gst-lon), dec, distance, math.Pi/2-lat, ) return [3]float64{ solarEclipseNormalizeRadians(math.Pi/2 - rotated[0]), rotated[1], rotated[2], } } func solarEclipseLLRToXYZ(longitude, latitude, distance float64) [3]float64 { return [3]float64{ distance * math.Cos(latitude) * math.Cos(longitude), distance * math.Cos(latitude) * math.Sin(longitude), distance * math.Sin(latitude), } } func solarEclipseXYZToLLR(x, y, z float64) [3]float64 { distance := math.Sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z) return [3]float64{ solarEclipseNormalizeRadians(math.Atan2(y, x)), math.Asin(z / distance), distance, } } func solarEclipseRotateLLR(longitude, latitude, distance, obliquity float64) [3]float64 { rotatedLongitude := math.Atan2( math.Sin(longitude)*math.Cos(obliquity)-math.Tan(latitude)*math.Sin(obliquity), math.Cos(longitude), ) return [3]float64{ solarEclipseNormalizeRadians(rotatedLongitude), math.Asin(math.Cos(obliquity)*math.Sin(latitude) + math.Sin(obliquity)*math.Cos(latitude)*math.Sin(longitude)), distance, } } func solarEclipseLineEar2(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, polarRatio, radius float64, axis solarEclipseAxis) solarEclipseLineIntersection { cosTilt := math.Cos(axis.tilt) sinTilt := math.Sin(axis.tilt) x1Rot := x1 y1Rot := cosTilt*y1 - sinTilt*z1 z1Rot := sinTilt*y1 + cosTilt*z1 x2Rot := x2 y2Rot := cosTilt*y2 - sinTilt*z2 z2Rot := sinTilt*y2 + cosTilt*z2 intersection := solarEclipseLineEllipsoid(x1Rot, y1Rot, z1Rot, x2Rot, y2Rot, z2Rot, polarRatio, radius) if !intersection.valid { return intersection } return intersection } func solarEclipseLineEllipsoid(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, polarRatio, radius float64) solarEclipseLineIntersection { dx := x2 - x1 dy := y2 - y1 dz := z2 - z1 polarRatioSquared := polarRatio * polarRatio a := dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz/polarRatioSquared b := x1*dx + y1*dy + z1*dz/polarRatioSquared c := x1*x1 + y1*y1 + z1*z1/polarRatioSquared - radius*radius discriminant := b*b - a*c if discriminant < 0 { return solarEclipseLineIntersection{} } root := math.Sqrt(discriminant) if b < 0 { root = -root } t := (-b + root) / a x := x1 + dx*t y := y1 + dy*t z := z1 + dz*t distance := math.Sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz) return solarEclipseLineIntersection{ valid: true, x: x, y: y, z: z, r1: distance * math.Abs(t), r2: distance * math.Abs(t-1), } } func axisIntersectionLongitude(intersection solarEclipseLineIntersection, axis solarEclipseAxis) float64 { longitude, _ := solarEclipseIntersectionGeodetic(intersection, axis) return longitude } func axisIntersectionLatitude(intersection solarEclipseLineIntersection, axis solarEclipseAxis) float64 { _, latitude := solarEclipseIntersectionGeodetic(intersection, axis) return latitude } func solarEclipseIntersectionGeodetic(intersection solarEclipseLineIntersection, axis solarEclipseAxis) (float64, float64) { longitude := solarEclipseNormalizeSignedRadians(math.Atan2(intersection.y, intersection.x) + axis.rightAscension - axis.gst) latitude := math.Atan(intersection.z / solarEclipseEarthPolarRatioSquared / math.Sqrt(intersection.x*intersection.x+intersection.y*intersection.y)) return longitude * deg, latitude * deg } func solarEclipseBesselPointToGeodetic(x, y, z float64, axis solarEclipseAxis, ellipsoidal bool) (float64, float64) { point := solarEclipseXYZToLLR(x, y, z) rotated := solarEclipseRotateLLR(point[0], point[1], point[2], axis.tilt) longitude := solarEclipseNormalizeSignedRadians(rotated[0] + axis.rightAscension - axis.gst) latitude := rotated[1] if ellipsoidal { latitude = math.Atan(math.Tan(latitude) / solarEclipseEarthPolarRatioSquared) } return longitude * deg, latitude * deg } func solarEclipseBesselXYToGeodetic(x, y float64, axis solarEclipseAxis, ellipsoidal bool) (float64, float64, bool) { polarRatio := 1.0 if ellipsoidal { polarRatio = solarEclipseEarthPolarRatio } intersection := solarEclipseLineEar2(x, y, 2, x, y, 0, polarRatio, 1, axis) if !intersection.valid { return 0, 0, false } longitude, latitude := solarEclipseIntersectionGeodetic(intersection, axis) return longitude, latitude, true } func solarEclipseNormalizeRadians(angle float64) float64 { angle = math.Mod(angle, 2*math.Pi) if angle < 0 { angle += 2 * math.Pi } return angle } func solarEclipseNormalizeSignedRadians(angle float64) float64 { angle = math.Mod(angle, 2*math.Pi) if angle <= -math.Pi { angle += 2 * math.Pi } if angle > math.Pi { angle -= 2 * math.Pi } return angle }