feat: 扩展天文计算能力

- 新增日食、月食、本地可见性、中心线、半影区域、SVG 图示与沙罗周期信息
- 新增行星冲合、留、方照、物理星历、视直径、相位、亮肢角、轨道节点等计算
- 新增木星伽利略卫星位置、现象与接触事件计算
- 新增恒星星表、星座判定、自行修正与观测辅助能力
- 新增 coord、formula、orbit、sundial、lite/sun、lite/moon 等扩展包
- 完善农历年号、月相英文别名、视差角、大气质量、折射、日晷与双星计算
- 增加 NASA、JPL Horizons、IMCCE 等回归测试数据与基线测试
- 重构基础算法文件组织，补充大量公开 API 注释和语义回归测试
- 更新中文和英文 README，补充示例、精度说明、SVG 配图

basic/moon_topocentric_physical_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package basic
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	. "b612.me/astro/tools"
+)
+
+func TestMoonTopocentricPhysicalMatchesCorrectionMethod(t *testing.T) {
+	jd := TD2UT(Date2JDE(testTime(2026, 4, 28, 9, 30, 45)), true)
+	observerLon := 121.4737
+	observerLat := 31.2304
+
+	got := MoonTopocentricPhysical(jd, observerLon, observerLat, 0)
+	want := moonTopocentricPhysicalByCorrection(jd, observerLon, observerLat)
+
+	assertPlanetPhaseClose(t, "MoonTopocentricPhysical.LibrationLongitude", got.LibrationLongitude, want.LibrationLongitude, 0.1)
+	assertPlanetPhaseClose(t, "MoonTopocentricPhysical.LibrationLatitude", got.LibrationLatitude, want.LibrationLatitude, 0.1)
+	assertPlanetPhaseClose(t, "MoonTopocentricPhysical.PositionAngle", got.PositionAngle, want.PositionAngle, 0.1)
+}
+
+func TestMoonTopocentricPhysicalSampleSweepFiniteAndInRange(t *testing.T) {
+	samples := []struct {
+		name        string
+		jd          float64
+		observerLon float64
+		observerLat float64
+		height      float64
+	}{
+		{"shanghai", TD2UT(Date2JDE(testTime(2026, 4, 28, 9, 30, 45)), true), 121.4737, 31.2304, 4},
+		{"chicago", TD2UT(Date2JDE(testTime(2024, 3, 25, 7, 0, 0)), true), -87.65, 41.85, 180},
+	}
+
+	for _, sample := range samples {
+		info := MoonTopocentricPhysical(sample.jd, sample.observerLon, sample.observerLat, sample.height)
+		prefix := sample.name + "."
+
+		assertFiniteRange(t, prefix+"OpticalLongitude", info.OpticalLongitude, -180, 180, false)
+		assertFiniteRange(t, prefix+"OpticalLatitude", info.OpticalLatitude, -90, 90, false)
+		assertFiniteRange(t, prefix+"PhysicalLongitude", info.PhysicalLongitude, -180, 180, false)
+		assertFiniteRange(t, prefix+"PhysicalLatitude", info.PhysicalLatitude, -90, 90, false)
+		assertFiniteRange(t, prefix+"LibrationLongitude", info.LibrationLongitude, -180, 180, false)
+		assertFiniteRange(t, prefix+"LibrationLatitude", info.LibrationLatitude, -90, 90, false)
+		assertFiniteRange(t, prefix+"PositionAngle", info.PositionAngle, -90, 90, false)
+	}
+}
+
+func moonTopocentricPhysicalByCorrection(jd, observerLon, observerLat float64) MoonPhysicalInfo {
+	geocentric := MoonPhysical(jd)
+	moonRA := HMoonTrueRa(jd)
+	moonDec := HMoonTrueDec(jd)
+	hourAngle := StarHourAngle(TD2UT(jd, false), moonRA, observerLon, 0)
+	horizontalParallax := ArcSin(6378.1366 / HMoonAway(jd))
+
+	Q := ArcTan2(
+		Cos(moonDec)*Sin(hourAngle),
+		Cos(moonDec)*Sin(observerLat)-Sin(moonDec)*Cos(observerLat)*Cos(hourAngle),
+	)
+	z := ArcCos(Sin(moonDec)*Sin(observerLat) + Cos(moonDec)*Cos(observerLat)*Cos(hourAngle))
+	piPrime := horizontalParallax * (Sin(z) + 0.0084*Sin(2*z))
+
+	deltaL := -piPrime * Sin(Q-geocentric.PositionAngle) / Cos(geocentric.LibrationLatitude)
+	deltaB := piPrime * Cos(Q-geocentric.PositionAngle)
+	deltaP := deltaL*Sin(geocentric.LibrationLatitude+deltaB) - piPrime*Sin(Q)*Tan(moonDec)
+
+	return MoonPhysicalInfo{
+		OpticalLongitude:   geocentric.OpticalLongitude,
+		OpticalLatitude:    geocentric.OpticalLatitude,
+		PhysicalLongitude:  geocentric.PhysicalLongitude,
+		PhysicalLatitude:   geocentric.PhysicalLatitude,
+		LibrationLongitude: wrapSignedAngle180(geocentric.LibrationLongitude + deltaL),
+		LibrationLatitude:  geocentric.LibrationLatitude + deltaB,
+		PositionAngle:      geocentric.PositionAngle + deltaP,
+	}
+}
+
+func testTime(year int, month time.Month, day, hour, minute, second int) time.Time {
+	return time.Date(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, 0, time.UTC)
+}