astro/basic/sun_observation.go

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package basic
import (
"math"
. "b612.me/astro/tools"
)
// 太阳中天时刻,通过均时差计算
func CulminationTime(jd, lon, tz float64) float64 { //实际中天时间
jd = math.Floor(jd)
tmp := (tz*15 - lon) * 4 / 60
return jd + tmp/24.0 - SunTime(jd)/24.0
}
func CulminationTimeN(jd, lon, tz float64, n int) float64 { //实际中天时间
jd = math.Floor(jd)
tmp := (tz*15 - lon) * 4 / 60
return jd + tmp/24.0 - SunTimeN(jd, n)/24.0
}
/*
* 昏朦影传入 当天0时时刻
*/
func EveningTwilight(jd, lon, lat, tz, targetAltitude float64) (float64, error) {
jd = math.Floor(jd) + 1.5
localTimeZone := math.Round(lon / 15)
culminationTime := CulminationTime(jd, lon, localTimeZone)
if SunHeight(culminationTime, lon, lat, localTimeZone) < targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverRise
}
if SunHeight(culminationTime+0.5, lon, lat, localTimeZone) > targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverSet
}
tmp := (Sin(targetAltitude) - Sin(HSunApparentDec(culminationTime))*Sin(lat)) / (Cos(HSunApparentDec(culminationTime)) * Cos(lat))
var sundown float64
if math.Abs(tmp) <= 1 && lat < 85 {
hourOffset := ArcCos(tmp) / 15
sundown = culminationTime + hourOffset/24.0 + 35.0/24.0/60.0
} else {
sundown = culminationTime
i := 0
for LowSunHeight(sundown, lon, lat, localTimeZone) > targetAltitude {
i++
sundown += 15.0 / 60.0 / 24.0
if i > 48 {
break
}
}
}
estimateJD := sundown - 5.00/24.00/60.00
for {
prevJD := estimateJD
stDegree := SunHeight(prevJD, lon, lat, localTimeZone) - targetAltitude
stDegreep := (SunHeight(prevJD+0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone) - SunHeight(prevJD-0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone)) / 0.00001
estimateJD = prevJD - stDegree/stDegreep
if math.Abs(estimateJD-prevJD) < 0.00001 {
break
}
}
return estimateJD - localTimeZone/24 + tz/24, nil
}
func EveningTwilightN(jd, lon, lat, tz, targetAltitude float64, n int) (float64, error) {
jd = math.Floor(jd) + 1.5
localTimeZone := math.Round(lon / 15)
culminationTime := CulminationTimeN(jd, lon, localTimeZone, n)
if SunHeightN(culminationTime, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) < targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverRise
}
if SunHeightN(culminationTime+0.5, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) > targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverSet
}
tmp := (Sin(targetAltitude) - Sin(HSunApparentDecN(culminationTime, n))*Sin(lat)) / (Cos(HSunApparentDecN(culminationTime, n)) * Cos(lat))
var sundown float64
if math.Abs(tmp) <= 1 && lat < 85 {
hourOffset := ArcCos(tmp) / 15
sundown = culminationTime + hourOffset/24.0 + 35.0/24.0/60.0
} else {
sundown = culminationTime
i := 0
for lowSunHeightForN(sundown, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) > targetAltitude {
i++
sundown += 15.0 / 60.0 / 24.0
if i > 48 {
break
}
}
}
estimateJD := sundown - 5.00/24.00/60.00
for {
prevJD := estimateJD
stDegree := SunHeightN(prevJD, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) - targetAltitude
stDegreep := (SunHeightN(prevJD+0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) - SunHeightN(prevJD-0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n)) / 0.00001
estimateJD = prevJD - stDegree/stDegreep
if math.Abs(estimateJD-prevJD) < 0.00001 {
break
}
}
return estimateJD - localTimeZone/24 + tz/24, nil
}
func MorningTwilight(jd, lon, lat, tz, targetAltitude float64) (float64, error) {
// 调整到中午12点
jd = math.Floor(jd) + 1.5
// 计算时区
localTimeZone := math.Round(lon / 15)
// 计算太阳上中天时间
culminationTime := CulminationTime(jd, lon, localTimeZone)
// 检查极夜和极昼条件
if SunHeight(culminationTime, lon, lat, localTimeZone) < targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverRise
}
if SunHeight(culminationTime-0.5, lon, lat, localTimeZone) > targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverSet
}
// 计算日出时间
sunDec := HSunApparentDec(culminationTime)
tmp := (Sin(targetAltitude) - Sin(sunDec)*Sin(lat)) / (Cos(sunDec) * Cos(lat))
var sunrise float64
if math.Abs(tmp) <= 1 && lat < 85 {
hourAngle := ArcCos(tmp) / 15
sunrise = culminationTime - hourAngle/24 - 25.0/(24.0*60.0)
} else {
sunrise = culminationTime
for i := 0; i < 48 && LowSunHeight(sunrise, lon, lat, localTimeZone) > targetAltitude; i++ {
sunrise -= 15.0 / (60.0 * 24.0) // 每次减少15分钟
}
}
estimateJD := sunrise - 5.0/(24.0*60.0)
for {
prevJD := estimateJD
heightDiff := SunHeight(prevJD, lon, lat, localTimeZone) - targetAltitude
heightDerivative := (SunHeight(prevJD+0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone) - SunHeight(prevJD-0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone)) / 0.00001
estimateJD = prevJD - heightDiff/heightDerivative
if math.Abs(estimateJD-prevJD) < 0.00001 {
break
}
}
return estimateJD - localTimeZone/24 + tz/24, nil
}
func MorningTwilightN(jd, lon, lat, tz, targetAltitude float64, n int) (float64, error) {
jd = math.Floor(jd) + 1.5
localTimeZone := math.Round(lon / 15)
culminationTime := CulminationTimeN(jd, lon, localTimeZone, n)
if SunHeightN(culminationTime, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) < targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverRise
}
if SunHeightN(culminationTime-0.5, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) > targetAltitude {
return 0, ErrNeverSet
}
sunDec := HSunApparentDecN(culminationTime, n)
tmp := (Sin(targetAltitude) - Sin(sunDec)*Sin(lat)) / (Cos(sunDec) * Cos(lat))
var sunrise float64
if math.Abs(tmp) <= 1 && lat < 85 {
hourAngle := ArcCos(tmp) / 15
sunrise = culminationTime - hourAngle/24 - 25.0/(24.0*60.0)
} else {
sunrise = culminationTime
for i := 0; i < 48 && lowSunHeightForN(sunrise, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) > targetAltitude; i++ {
sunrise -= 15.0 / (60.0 * 24.0)
}
}
estimateJD := sunrise - 5.0/(24.0*60.0)
for {
prevJD := estimateJD
heightDiff := SunHeightN(prevJD, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) - targetAltitude
heightDerivative := (SunHeightN(prevJD+0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n) - SunHeightN(prevJD-0.000005, lon, lat, localTimeZone, n)) / 0.00001
estimateJD = prevJD - heightDiff/heightDerivative
if math.Abs(estimateJD-prevJD) < 0.00001 {
break
}
}
return estimateJD - localTimeZone/24 + tz/24, nil
}
/*
* 太阳时角
*/
func SunTimeAngle(jd, lon, lat, tz float64) float64 {
startime := Limit360(ApparentSiderealTime(jd-tz/24)*15 + lon)
timeangle := startime - HSunApparentRa(TD2UT(jd-tz/24, true))
if timeangle < 0 {
timeangle += 360
}
return timeangle
}
func SunTimeAngleN(jd, lon, lat, tz float64, n int) float64 {
startime := Limit360(ApparentSiderealTime(jd-tz/24)*15 + lon)
timeangle := startime - HSunApparentRaN(TD2UT(jd-tz/24, true), n)
if timeangle < 0 {
timeangle += 360
}
return timeangle
}
// GetSunRiseTime 精确计算日出时间传入当日0时JDE
func GetSunRiseTime(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height float64) (float64, error) {
return calculateSunRiseSetTime(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height, true)
}
func GetSunRiseTimeN(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height float64, n int) (float64, error) {
return calculateSunRiseSetTimeN(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height, true, n)
}
// GetSunSetTime 精确计算日落时间传入当日0时JDE
func GetSunSetTime(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height float64) (float64, error) {
return calculateSunRiseSetTime(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height, false)
}
func GetSunSetTimeN(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height float64, n int) (float64, error) {
return calculateSunRiseSetTimeN(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height, false, n)
}
// calculateSunRiseSetTime 统一的日出日落计算函数
func calculateSunRiseSetTime(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height float64, isSunrise bool) (float64, error) {
julianDay = math.Floor(julianDay) + 1.5
naturalTimeZone := math.Round(longitude / 15)
sunAngle := StandardAltitudeSun(zenithShift, height, latitude)
// 获取太阳上中天时间
solarNoonTime := CulminationTime(julianDay, longitude, naturalTimeZone)
// 检查极夜极昼条件
if err := checkPolarConditions(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, isSunrise); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
// 计算初始估算时间
initialTime := calculateInitialSunTime(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, isSunrise)
// 牛顿-拉夫逊迭代求精确解
return sunRiseSetNewtonRaphsonIteration(initialTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, timeZone), nil
}
func calculateSunRiseSetTimeN(julianDay, longitude, latitude, timeZone, zenithShift, height float64, isSunrise bool, n int) (float64, error) {
julianDay = math.Floor(julianDay) + 1.5
naturalTimeZone := math.Round(longitude / 15)
sunAngle := StandardAltitudeSun(zenithShift, height, latitude)
solarNoonTime := CulminationTimeN(julianDay, longitude, naturalTimeZone, n)
if err := checkPolarConditionsN(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, isSunrise, n); err != nil {
return 0, err
}
initialTime := calculateInitialSunTimeN(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, isSunrise, n)
return sunRiseSetNewtonRaphsonIterationN(initialTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, timeZone, n), nil
}
// checkPolarConditions 检查极夜极昼条件
func checkPolarConditions(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle float64, isSunrise bool) error {
if SunHeight(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone) < sunAngle {
return ErrNeverRise
}
checkTime := solarNoonTime + 0.5
if isSunrise {
checkTime = solarNoonTime - 0.5
}
if SunHeight(checkTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone) > sunAngle {
return ErrNeverSet
}
return nil
}
func checkPolarConditionsN(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle float64, isSunrise bool, n int) error {
if SunHeightN(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, n) < sunAngle {
return ErrNeverRise
}
checkTime := solarNoonTime + 0.5
if isSunrise {
checkTime = solarNoonTime - 0.5
}
if SunHeightN(checkTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, n) > sunAngle {
return ErrNeverSet
}
return nil
}
// calculateInitialSunTime 计算日出日落的初始估算时间
func calculateInitialSunTime(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle float64, isSunrise bool) float64 {
// 使用球面三角法计算: (sin(ho)-sin(φ)*sin(δ))/(cos(φ)*cos(δ))
apparentDeclination := HSunApparentDec(solarNoonTime)
cosHourAngle := (Sin(sunAngle) - Sin(apparentDeclination)*Sin(latitude)) / (Cos(apparentDeclination) * Cos(latitude))
if math.Abs(cosHourAngle) <= 1 && latitude < 85 {
// 使用解析解
hourAngle := ArcCos(cosHourAngle) / 15
timeOffset := 25.0 / 24.0 / 60.0 // 日出偏移
if !isSunrise {
timeOffset = 35.0 / 24.0 / 60.0 // 日落偏移
}
if isSunrise {
return solarNoonTime - hourAngle/24 - timeOffset
} else {
return solarNoonTime + hourAngle/24 + timeOffset
}
} else {
// 使用迭代逼近法(极地条件)
return iterativeApproach(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, isSunrise)
}
}
func calculateInitialSunTimeN(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle float64, isSunrise bool, n int) float64 {
apparentDeclination := HSunApparentDecN(solarNoonTime, n)
cosHourAngle := (Sin(sunAngle) - Sin(apparentDeclination)*Sin(latitude)) / (Cos(apparentDeclination) * Cos(latitude))
if math.Abs(cosHourAngle) <= 1 && latitude < 85 {
hourAngle := ArcCos(cosHourAngle) / 15
timeOffset := 25.0 / 24.0 / 60.0
if !isSunrise {
timeOffset = 35.0 / 24.0 / 60.0
}
if isSunrise {
return solarNoonTime - hourAngle/24 - timeOffset
}
return solarNoonTime + hourAngle/24 + timeOffset
}
return iterativeApproachN(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, isSunrise, n)
}
// iterativeApproach 迭代逼近法计算(用于极地等特殊条件)
func iterativeApproach(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle float64, isSunrise bool) float64 {
estimatedTime := solarNoonTime
stepSize := 15.0 / 60.0 / 24.0 // 15分钟步长
if isSunrise {
stepSize = -stepSize
}
const maxIterations = 48
for i := 0; i < maxIterations && LowSunHeight(estimatedTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone) > sunAngle; i++ {
estimatedTime += stepSize
}
return estimatedTime
}
func iterativeApproachN(solarNoonTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle float64, isSunrise bool, n int) float64 {
estimatedTime := solarNoonTime
stepSize := 15.0 / 60.0 / 24.0
if isSunrise {
stepSize = -stepSize
}
const maxIterations = 48
for i := 0; i < maxIterations && lowSunHeightForN(estimatedTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, n) > sunAngle; i++ {
estimatedTime += stepSize
}
return estimatedTime
}
// sunRiseSetNewtonRaphsonIteration 牛顿-拉夫逊迭代法求精确解
func sunRiseSetNewtonRaphsonIteration(initialTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, timeZone float64) float64 {
const (
convergenceThreshold = 0.00001
derivativeStep = 0.000005
)
currentTime := initialTime
for {
previousTime := currentTime
// 计算函数值f(t) = SunHeight(t) - targetAngle
functionValue := SunHeight(previousTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone) - sunAngle
// 计算导数f'(t) ≈ (f(t+h) - f(t-h)) / (2h)
derivative := (SunHeight(previousTime+derivativeStep, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone) -
SunHeight(previousTime-derivativeStep, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone)) / (2 * derivativeStep)
// 牛顿-拉夫逊公式t_new = t_old - f(t) / f'(t)
currentTime = previousTime - functionValue/derivative
// 检查收敛
if math.Abs(currentTime-previousTime) <= convergenceThreshold {
break
}
}
// 转换为指定时区
return currentTime - naturalTimeZone/24 + timeZone/24
}
func sunRiseSetNewtonRaphsonIterationN(initialTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, sunAngle, timeZone float64, n int) float64 {
const (
convergenceThreshold = 0.00001
derivativeStep = 0.000005
)
currentTime := initialTime
for {
previousTime := currentTime
functionValue := SunHeightN(previousTime, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, n) - sunAngle
derivative := (SunHeightN(previousTime+derivativeStep, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, n) -
SunHeightN(previousTime-derivativeStep, longitude, latitude, naturalTimeZone, n)) / (2 * derivativeStep)
currentTime = previousTime - functionValue/derivative
if math.Abs(currentTime-previousTime) <= convergenceThreshold {
break
}
}
return currentTime - naturalTimeZone/24 + timeZone/24
}
/*
* 太阳高度角 世界时
*/
func SunHeight(jd, lon, lat, tz float64) float64 {
//tmp := (tz*15 - lon) * 4 / 60
//truejd := jd - tmp/24
calcjd := jd - tz/24.0
tjde := TD2UT(calcjd, true)
st := Limit360(ApparentSiderealTime(calcjd)*15 + lon)
ra, dec := HSunApparentRaDec(tjde)
hourAngle := Limit360(st - ra)
tmp2 := Sin(lat)*Sin(dec) + Cos(dec)*Cos(lat)*Cos(hourAngle)
return ArcSin(tmp2)
}
func SunHeightN(jd, lon, lat, tz float64, n int) float64 {
calcjd := jd - tz/24.0
tjde := TD2UT(calcjd, true)
st := Limit360(ApparentSiderealTime(calcjd)*15 + lon)
ra, dec := HSunApparentRaDecN(tjde, n)
hourAngle := Limit360(st - ra)
tmp2 := Sin(lat)*Sin(dec) + Cos(dec)*Cos(lat)*Cos(hourAngle)
return ArcSin(tmp2)
}
func LowSunHeight(jd, lon, lat, tz float64) float64 {
//tmp := (tz*15 - lon) * 4 / 60
//truejd := jd - tmp/24
calcjd := jd - tz/24
st := Limit360(ApparentSiderealTime(calcjd)*15 + lon)
hourAngle := Limit360(st - SunApparentRa(TD2UT(calcjd, true)))
dec := SunApparentDec(TD2UT(calcjd, true))
tmp2 := Sin(lat)*Sin(dec) + Cos(dec)*Cos(lat)*Cos(hourAngle)
return ArcSin(tmp2)
}
func lowSunHeightForN(jd, lon, lat, tz float64, n int) float64 {
if n < 0 {
return LowSunHeight(jd, lon, lat, tz)
}
return SunHeightN(jd, lon, lat, tz, n)
}
func SunAzimuth(jd, lon, lat, tz float64) float64 {
//tmp := (tz*15 - lon) * 4 / 60
//truejd := jd - tmp/24
calcjd := jd - tz/24
st := Limit360(ApparentSiderealTime(calcjd)*15 + lon)
hourAngle := Limit360(st - HSunApparentRa(TD2UT(calcjd, true)))
tmp2 := Sin(hourAngle) / (Cos(hourAngle)*Sin(lat) - Tan(HSunApparentDec(TD2UT(calcjd, true)))*Cos(lat))
azimuth := ArcTan(tmp2)
if azimuth < 0 {
if hourAngle/15 < 12 {
return azimuth + 360
}
return azimuth + 180
}
if hourAngle/15 < 12 {
return azimuth + 180
}
return azimuth
}
func SunAzimuthN(jd, lon, lat, tz float64, n int) float64 {
calcjd := jd - tz/24
st := Limit360(ApparentSiderealTime(calcjd)*15 + lon)
hourAngle := Limit360(st - HSunApparentRaN(TD2UT(calcjd, true), n))
tmp2 := Sin(hourAngle) / (Cos(hourAngle)*Sin(lat) - Tan(HSunApparentDecN(TD2UT(calcjd, true), n))*Cos(lat))
azimuth := ArcTan(tmp2)
if azimuth < 0 {
if hourAngle/15 < 12 {
return azimuth + 360
}
return azimuth + 180
}
if hourAngle/15 < 12 {
return azimuth + 180
}
return azimuth
}